我国草原政策演进历程、趋势和特点——兼论新时代草原治理体系建构

The Evolution,Trend and Characteristics of Grassland Policy in China

我国的草原政策经历了从起步、曲折发展到全面提升的过程,为新时代草原治理体系的建构奠定了基础。中华人民共和国成立初期,草原牧区进行土地改革,草原产权由私有转变为公有,其后受“大跃进”和“文革”干扰,农牧冲突严重,草原的再生力遭到破坏。改革开放后,在经济体制改革的基础上,国家积极推进草政机构改革和政策的法制化建设,建立基本的草原政策法制化体系。随着经济发展和生态保护矛盾日益突出,在科学发展观指引下,国家实施一系列生态工程,确立基本草原保护制度,修复和保护草原生态。党的十八大以来,以习近平生态文明思想为指导,草原政策的内容转向系统治理、融合发展,新时代草原治理体系日益完善。

The grassland policy of China has gone through the process of starting,tortuous development and all-round promotion,which has laid the foundation for the construction of grassland governance system in the new era.In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China,land reform was carried out in grassland areas,and grassland property rights were transformed from private to public.Later,due to the interference of the"Great Leap Forward"and the"Cultural Revolution",the conflicts between agriculture and animal husbandry were serious,and the regeneration of the grassland was destroyed.After the reform and opening up,on the basis of the reform of the economic system,the state actively promoted the reform of grassland administration institutions and the legal construction of policies,and established a basic legal system of grassland policy.With the contradictions between economic development and ecological protection becoming increasingly prominent,under the guidance of the Scientific Outlook on Development,the state has implemented a series of ecological engineering schemes,established a rudimentary grassland conservation system,and embarked on the restoration and preservation of the grassland ecology.Since the 18th National Congress of CPC,guided by Xi Jinping's Thought on Eco-Civilization,grassland policy has turned to systematic governance and integrated development,and the grassland governance system in the new era has become more and more perfect.