皱木耳‘中菌皱木耳1号’选育

Breeding of Auricularia delicata 'Zhongjunzhoumuer-1'

将采自云南省临沧市永德县大雪山乡大平掌村壳斗科(Fagaceae)倒腐木上的野生子实体鉴定为皱木耳(Auricularia delicata),经过组织分离、初筛,以菌株YD-1为对照,通过复筛获得最优菌株,通过拮抗实验、构建系统发育树比较菌株间的差异,通过中试和示范栽培比较菌株间的生物学效率。结果表明:初筛选出菌丝生长旺盛、菌丝生长速度较快和生物学效率较高的分离物ZJZME001、ZJZME002和ZJZME005,复筛时对照菌株YD-1的子实体颜色为黄褐色,分离物ZJZME001、ZJZME002和ZJZME005的子实体颜色为浅黄色,获得最优菌株ZJZME001,与菌株YD-1形成明显的拮抗线;通过系统发育树分析表明菌株ZJZME001为皱木耳,其中试和示范栽培的生物学效率均显著高于对照菌株YD-1,达120%以上;与对照菌株YD-1相比,菌株ZJZME001的子实体的锌、铁、钙、硒、蛋白质和维生素B1含量较高,氨基酸总量也较高,但粗纤维含量较低。2023年9月25日,菌株ZJZME001通过云南省非主要农作物品种鉴定,定名为‘中菌皱木耳1号’。

Wild fruiting bodies of Auricularia delicata were collected from Dapingzhang Village,Daxueshan Township,Yongde County,Lincang City,Yunnan Province,and then excellent strains were obtained through tissue isolation and primary screening.Using the strain YD-1 as the control,the best isolated strain was selected through secondary screening,and then compared for differences between the two strains in terms of antagonism,phylogeny,and biological efficiency in pilot and demonstrative field cultivation.The results showed that ZJZME001,ZJZME002 and ZJZME005 were selected during the primary screening for good mycelium vigor,rapid mycelial growth,and relatively high biological efficiency.In the secondary screening,fruiting bodies of YD-1 were yellowish brown,whereas fruiting bodies of ZJZME001,ZJZME002 and ZJZME005 were light yellow.Eventually,ZJZME001 was selected to be the best strain,and it developed obvious antagonistic line against YD-1.Phylogenetic analysis showed that ZJZME001 was clustered in the A.delicata branch.The biological efficiency of ZJZME001 was greater than that of YD-1 in both pilot and demonstrative field production,reaching more than 120%.Compared with YD-1,fruiting bodies of ZJZME001 contained higher levels of zinc,iron,calcium,selenium,protein,total amino acids and vitamin B1.ZJZME001 also contained a lower level of crude fiber than YD-1.On September 25,2023,ZJZME001 passed the identification of non-major crop varieties in Yunnan Province,and was named 'Zhongjunzhoumuer-1'.