培养料容重对黑木耳菌丝特性及出耳的影响

Effect of Substrate Bulk Density on Mycelial Characteristics and Fruiting of Auricularia heimuer

采用机械压料装置,通过湿热塑形制备0.72、0.80(对照)、0.88、0.96、1.04 g·cm^(-3)黑木耳(Auricularia heimuer)菌包,比较蒙古栎(Quercus mongolica)屑为主料的不同培养料容重对菌丝生长速度、CO_(2)释放和水分挥发强度、干物质分解利用、pH、电导率、胞外酶活性、木质纤维素含量和第一潮产量和性状的影响。结果表明:在实验范围内,与对照相比,容重最小(0.72 g·cm^(-3))时,侧面和垂直菌丝生长速度较快,干物质分解利用较多,体积消耗较少,pH较高,电导率较高,木质素、纤维素含量较高,出耳时间(8.00±1.00) d较短、耳片较长(8.93±1.29) cm、耳片较厚(0.39±0.09) mm、硬度(1.62±0.08) N和泡发率7.31±0.59较低;研究结果可为黑木耳培养料容重的选择提供参考。

Using a mechanical pressing device,Auricularia heimuer cultivation substrate bags(Quercus mongolica sawdust as the major substrate component) of different bulk densities [0.72,0.80(CK),0.88,0.96,and 1.04 g·cm~(-3)] were prepared through wet heat molding.Then the cultivation bags of the aforementioned densities were compared for mycelial growth rate,CO_(2) release,water volatilization intensity,dry matter consumption,pH,electrical conductivity,extracellular enzyme activities,lignocellulose content,the first-flush yield and agronomic traits of fruiting bodies.The results showed that in the experimental range,when the bulk density was 0.72 g·cm~(-3),the lateral and vertical mycelial growth rates were greater than those of the control.Compared with the control,the bulk density of 0.72 g·cm~(-3) also resulted in higher consumption of dry matter,less volumetric reduction,higher pH,higher electrical conductivity,and higher contents of lignin and cellulose.The fruiting bodies developed on the substrate of 0.72 g·cm~(-3) showed short fruiting time [(8.00±1.00) d],long ear pieces [(8.93±1.29) cm],thick ear pieces [(0.39±0.09) mm],relatively low hardness [(1.62±0.08) N] and a low rehydration rate(7.31±0.59).The results provided a reference for selecting substrate bulk density in A.heimuer cultivation.