汉语“偏”字句比较功能的形成及表现

Compare with Standards:A Multi-angle Study of Pian Indicating Comparison

动词“偏”有表比较的功能,“偏”字句是将比较主体与相关标准进行比较。“偏”的比较功能源自其“不正”义,“不正”与“正”形成对比,“正”演化为“标准”。“偏”从指对称或对等双方中的一方开始发生逆语法化,双方有差异是“偏”发展出比较功能的基础。“偏”表差比,比较次范畴是“略微胜过”。“偏”的比较功能主要表示模糊小量差异,“偏”使得句意常常具有不如意性、反预期性和主观性。

“Pian”has the function of comparison,pian-sentences indicates the comparison between the comparison subject and relevant standards.The comparative function of“pian”comes from its meaning of“bu zheng”,which forms a contrast with“zheng”,and“zheng”evolves into standard.Inverse grammaticalization of“pian”started from one of the symmetrical or equivalent parties.The difference between the two parties is the basis for“pian”to develop its comparative function.After generalization,“pian”become a comparison mark indicating that the comparison subject compares with relevant standards.Pian-sentences are differential sentences,and the comparative subcategory is“slightly exceed”.Pian-sentences mainly express fuzzy and small differences.“Pian”makes the meaning of sentences often unsatisfactory,unexpected and subjective.