伴EWSR1易位的神经上皮肿瘤6例临床病理学分析

Neuroepithelial tumor with EWSR1 translocation of central nervous system:a clinicopathological analysis of six cases

目的探讨伴EWSR1易位的神经上皮肿瘤的临床特征、影像学表现、病理学特征及分子遗传学特点。方法收集6例伴有EWSR1易位神经上皮肿瘤患者的临床病理资料,行常规HE和免疫组化染色,汇总高通量测序分子检测NGS信息,进行总结分析,并复习相关文献。结果6例患者中位年龄11.5岁(范围1.9~17岁),男性1例,女性5例,发病部位包括颞叶、额叶、顶叶、鞍上区及侧脑室,临床表现以癫痫发作起病为主。头颅MRI检查示:4例为大脑半球近皮层病灶,2例为脑室/脑室周病灶,其中5例边界尚清,1例局部边界欠清。镜下观察其组织学改变多样,3例呈低级别胶质瘤样或胶质神经元肿瘤样改变,2例呈高级别胶质瘤改变,1例呈胶质神经元肿瘤样改变伴高级别特征。免疫表型:肿瘤细胞GFAP阳性,Olig2部分阳性,S-100和Syn阳性,其中2例NeuN少量阳性,1例EMA少量点状阳性。NGS发现6例均伴EWSR1基因易位重排,其伴侣基因包括5例PATZ1和1例PLAGL1。手术切除后3例行化疗,随访无一复发进展。结论伴有EWSR1和非ETS融合的神经上皮肿瘤,好发于儿童和青少年大脑半球,多数病灶边界尚清,组织形态学谱系多样,呈低-中度恶性生物学行为,为神经上皮肿瘤分子分类谱系的拓展提供了可能性。

Purpose To investigate the clinical,imaging,pathological,and genetic characteristics of neuroepithelial tumors with EWSR1 translocation.Methods The clinicopathological data of 6 patients with EWSR1 translocation in neuroepithelial tumors were collected,routine HE and immunohistochemical staining were performed,the information of high-throughput sequencing was summarized,and the relevant literature was reviewed.Results The median age of the 6 patients was 11.5 years(ranging from 1.9 to 17 years),including 1 male and 5 females.The tumors located in temporal lobe,frontal lobe,parietal lobe,suprasellar region,or lateral ventricle.The clinical manifestations mainly started with seizures.Brain MRI showed abnormal signal focus in the cerebral hemisphere near the cortex in 4 cases,and ventricle/periventricular regions in 2 cases,with an almost clear boundary in 5 cases.Microscopically,the histological changes were diverse,including low-grade gliomas/glioneuronal tumors in 3 cases,high-grade gliomas in 2 cases,and glioneuronal tumor with high-grade feature in 1 case.Immunohistochemically,tumor cells expressed GFAP,S-100,Syn,and Olig2 partially.2 cases exhibited slightly positive of NeuN and 1 case exhibited little dot-like staining of EMA.Next generation sequencing revealed EWSR1 rearrangement in all 6 cases,with chaperone genes including PATZ1 in 5 cases,and PLAGL1 in 1 case.3 cases were treated with chemotherapy after surgery,and no recurrence or progression was found during follow-up.Conclusion The neuroepithelial tumors with the fusion of EWSR1 and non-ETS commonly occur in the cerebral hemisphere of teenagers and children.Most of the boundaries lesion are still clear,the histomorphological spectrum is diverse,and the biological behavior is presented as a low to moderate malignancy,which provides the possibility for expanding the molecular classification of CNS neuroepithelial tumor.