微针电化学传感器的最新研究进展

Recent Research Process in Microneedle-Based Electrochemical Sensors

生物传感器是近几十年来引起广泛关注的医疗检测设备.然而,许多传感器的稳定性或便携性较差,并且传统的体液样品采集方法费力且耗时,因此限制了其在临床诊断方面的应用.微针是一种微创透皮设备,能够与小型电化学传感器相结合制备出各种生物分析平台,其技术已成为生物传感领域的重要方法,为改进现有生物传感器开辟了新道路.采用微针阵列作为标准电极的创新性配置,可以提高电化学传感器的检测性能.在基于微针的电化学生物传感器中,通常利用导电聚合物、酶、纳米颗粒及其复合材料修饰微针电极,以实现组织间质液内的葡萄糖、乳酸、酒精、尿素、氨基酸、治疗药物或生物信号的无痛透皮检测或可穿戴式监测.另外,微针技术作为一种新兴的体液采样方法,可通过直接提取间质液用于进一步的电化学传感.这不仅避免了传统间质液提取技术所需要的大型仪器,而且非侵入性方法的使用进一步提高了患者的依从性,简化了体液采集过程.这两类基于微针的电化学传感技术已被广泛应用于疾病生物标志物分析、常规生化指标检测和治疗药物监测等领域.该综述概述了微针电化学传感器的类型、传感构建模式及应用等方面的最新进展,并列举了不同微针电化学传感器的工作电极构造以及检测能力,最后对近年研究报道的微针电化学传感器的优势和局限性进行了总结分析.

Biosensors are medical test devices that have attracted widespread attention in recent decades.However,the application of biosensors in clinical diagnostics is restricted by poor stability or portability,as well as the laborious and time-consuming of traditional body fluid collection methods.Microneedles are minimally invasive transdermal devices that can be combined with miniaturized electrochemical sensors to prepare a variety of bioanalytical platforms,and their technology has emerged as a revolutionary approach to the biosensing field,offering new avenues for improving and advancing current biosensors.Innovative configurations using microneedle arrays as standard electrodes have the potential to improve the detection performance of electrochemical sensors.In microneedle-based electrochemical biosensors,conductive polymers,enzymes,nanoparticles,and their composites are usually utilized to modify microneedle electrodes for painless transdermal detection or wearable monitoring of glucose,lactic acid,alcohol,urea,amino acids,therapeutic drugs,or biosignals in tissue interstitial fluids.In addition,microneedle technology,as an emerging body fluid sampling method,can be used for further electrochemical sensing by directly extracting interstitial fluid.By utilizing non-invasive techniques,this approach not only eliminates the need for bulky instruments used in traditional interstitial fluid extraction,but also enhances patient compliance and simplifies the body fluid collection process.These two types of microneedle-based electrochemical sensing techniques have been widely used in the fields of disease biomarker analysis,routine biochemical indicator detection,and therapeutic drug monitoring.This review outlines recent advances in electrochemical microneedle sensors,including their types,sensing construction modes,and diverse applications,lists the working electrode configurations as well as the detection capabilities of different microneedle electrochemical sensors,also providing analyses of the advantages and limitations of currently developed sensors.