纳米酶在生物检测和癌症治疗中的应用

Nanozymes and their Biomedical Applications

纳米酶是2022年度化学领域十大新兴技术之一.它如同天然酶一样,能够在温和条件下催化酶底物,呈现出与天然酶类似的酶促反应动力学和反应机制,并且可以作为天然酶的替代物应用于疾病的检测及治疗.在免疫检测方面,纳米酶可以作为信号放大器或传统酶的替代品,提高检测的灵敏度和特异性.而在肿瘤微环境治疗中,通过特异性响应肿瘤微环境中弱酸性、缺氧和过表达过氧化氢及谷胱甘肽等条件来辅助癌症治疗.此外,纳米酶还可与多种外部刺激包括磁场、辐射、光、超声和微波等结合,实现多种方式协同检测治疗.该研究总结了纳米酶的合成方法、分类及催化原理以及纳米酶的生物医学应用,展望了其应用前景.

Nanozymes are one of the top ten emerging technologies in the field of chemistry for the year 2022.They catalyze enzyme substrates under mild conditions,exhibiting enzymatic reaction kinetics and mechanisms similar to natural enzymes,and can be used as substitutes for natural enzymes in the detection and treatment of diseases.In recent years,extensive research has focused on the design of various nanozyme systems targeting the challenges of tumor microenvironment therapy.These systems specifically respond to the conditions of tumor microenvironment such as weak acidity,hypoxia,and the overexpression of hydrogen peroxide and glutathione,to assist the cancer treatment.In addition,nanozymes can be combined with a variety of external stimuli,including magnetic field,radiation,light,ultrasound,and microwave,to achieve synergistic treatment through multiple modalities.This article summarizes the synthesis methods,classification,and catalytic principles of nanozymes,as well as their biomedical applications,and looks forward to their prospective applications.