红土镍矿酸浸渣综合利用进展

Progress in Comprehensive Utilization of Acid Leaching Residue of Laterite Nickel Ore

近年来随着不锈钢及新能源用镍需求的增长,红土镍矿湿法提镍工艺得到更多应用,相应的红土镍矿酸浸渣堆存量也迅速增加,对此类固废进行科学消纳和资源综合利用迫在眉睫。针对红土镍矿酸浸渣有害元素硫、有价金属铁含量高的特点进行综合利用新技术、新装备研究对红土镍矿湿法冶金工业的持续发展具有重要的理论和现实意义。主要介绍红土镍矿酸浸渣的湿法冶金形成过程及其成分组成和物理化学性质,较为系统地梳理了红土镍矿酸浸渣在尾矿坝堆积、地下压滤回填和深海填埋等直接处理方法,提取利用铁、铬、铝、稀土等有价金属资源,消纳制备硅藻土、陶粒、矿物纤维等建筑材料、制备锂电池电极、沸石等高附加值材料综合利用技术上的研究进展,展望了红土镍矿酸浸渣流态化提铁降硫技术及装备的发展前景。

In recent years,with the increasing demand for stainless steel and new energy nickel,the wet nickel extraction process from laterite nickel ore has been widely used,and the corresponding acid leaching residue piles of laterite nickel ore has also rapidly increased.It is urgent to scientifically consume and comprehensively utilize such solid waste.The comprehensive utilization of new technologies and equipment for the high content of sulfur and iron elements in acid leaching slag of laterite nickel ore has important theoretical and practical significance for the sustainable development of the laterite nickel ore wet metallurgical industry.The hydrometallurgical formation process,composition,and physical and chemical properties of laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue has been introduced.A systematic review was conducted on the direct treatment methods of laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue in tailings dam accumulation,underground pressure filtration backfilling,and deep-sea landfill.Valuable metal resources such as iron,chromium,aluminum,and rare earths were extracted and utilized,and the research progress in the comprehensive utilization technology for building materials such as diatomaceous earth,ceramic particles,and mineral fibers,as well as the consumption in preparation of high value-added materials such as lithium battery electrodes and zeolites.It also looks forward to the development prospects of fluidized reduction roasting technology and equipment in reducing sulfur and improving iron content of laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue.