称谓语与社会空间关系的构建

Appellations and the Construction of Social Space Relations

社会称谓语在社会空间关系的构建中起着重要作用。常见的社会称谓语主要有“职业/职务”类称谓语、“姓名”类称谓语等。在构建“上对下”社会空间关系时,常用“名+职务”及“姓名”类称谓语;在构建“下对上”社会空间关系时,常用“职务”“姓+职务简称”称谓语。“名+职务”“称名”称谓语都有拉近关系的作用。具有“下对上”特征的称谓语一般带有“表敬”色彩,“职业/职务”类称谓语一般具有“正式”色彩。从认知语言学角度看,社会称谓语的部分差异与认知的可及度、距离象似性等相关。从社会学角度看,“职业/职务”类称谓语的“正式、表敬”特征源于社会对职业的评价;低权势者对高权势者称名的禁忌与原始巫术相关。

Social appellations play an important role in the construction of social spatial relations.Common social appellations mainly include"occupation or position"as well as"name"appellations and so on.In the construction of"upper to lower"social spatial relationship,"first name+position"and"name"are commonly used.In the construction of"lower to upper"social spatial relationship,the terms of"title","surname+title abbreviation"are commonly used."First name+position"and"first name"address terms have the role of bringing the relationship closer.The appellations with the characteristics of"lower to upper"generally have the color of"showing respect",and the"occupation or position"appellations generally have the color of"formalness".From the perspective of cognitive linguistics,some differences in social appellations are related to cognitive accessibility and distance iconicity.From the sociological point of view,the"formal and respectful"characteristics of the"occupation or position"class address originates from the social evaluation of occupation;The taboo against naming people of with power is related to primitive witchcraft.