“劳工神圣”思潮与劳工形象塑造——以1920年代的乡土小说为中心

The thinking trend of"Labor Sacredness"and the laborer image shaping:Centered on local stories of the 1920s

“劳工神圣”思潮兴起于新文化运动前后,与其同时期发展的还有中国的乡土文学。“劳工神圣”话题的后续争议基本上围绕着两个焦点,一是“什么是劳工”,二是“劳工何以神圣”。前者的讨论最后拓宽了“劳工”的定义,将新兴产业工人、市民阶层、小知识分子等群体并入了“劳工”的范畴;后者则进一步强调了“劳工”群体的重要地位,反映在文学层面,表现为作品中日益增多的下层劳动者的形象。尤其是1920年代的乡土小说,从“劳工”和“神圣”两个方面积极响应了这一思潮。这一时期,“劳工”的群体在扩大,作者与人物的距离在拉近,也为中国现代文学贡献了一批崭新的劳动者形象。

The thinking trend of"Labor Sacredness"arose before and after the New Culture Movement,along with the development of Chinese local literature.The subsequent controversy over the topic of"Labor Sacredness"basically revolves around two points:one is"what is labor"and the other is"why is labor sacred".The discussion of the former finally broadens the definition of"labor",including the emerging industry workers,citizens,intellectuals and other groups into the category of"labor",while the latter further emphasizes the importance of the"labor"group,which is reflected in the literature,as the images of lower-class workers are increasing.In particular,the local stories of the 1920s actively responded to that trend of thoughts from the two aspects of"labor"and"sacred".During that period,the group of"laborers"was expanding,the distance between authors and characters was narrowing,hence contributing a new group of laborer images to modern Chinese literature.