广西不同地区养殖黄沙鳖肌肉的营养成分分析与品质评价

Nutrient Composition Analysis and Quality Evaluation of Muscle of Different Populations of Pelodiscus luteus in Guangxi

为探究不同养殖地区黄沙鳖营养成分含量差异,对其肌肉营养组成进行分析,为其营养价值评估提供理论基础。试验选取广西桂平、南宁、玉林3个地区不同养殖场健康的黄沙鳖各30只,对其矿物质元素、常规营养成分、氨基酸和脂肪酸含量等营养成分进行测定和分析。结果显示:常规营养方面,南宁黄沙鳖肌肉中水分和粗蛋白含量最高;玉林黄沙鳖肌肉中灰分含量偏低,但其粗脂肪含量显著高于桂平黄沙鳖(P<0.05)。矿物质方面,常量元素中镁和钙含量最丰富,其中南宁黄沙鳖肌肉中镁含量最高,桂平黄沙鳖肌肉中钙含量偏高;微量元素中,3个地区黄沙鳖肌肉的铁和锌含量相对较高,且玉林黄沙鳖肉的微量元素含量(锰、锌除外)均高于桂平和南宁黄沙鳖。氨基酸方面,3个地区鳖肉检测出的16种氨基酸中,谷氨酸(Glu)含量最多,其次为天冬氨酸(Asp),必需氨基酸/总氨基酸(ΣEAA/ΣTAA)和必需氨基酸/非必需氨基酸(ΣEAA/ΣNEAA)的比值分别为37.05%~38.34%和70.04%~74.23%,联合国粮农组织/世界卫生组织(FAO/WHO)氨基酸评分标准模式中推荐的40%和60%的理想蛋白质比值相近;游离氨基酸/总氨基酸(ΣFAA/ΣTAA)为39.45%~40.76%,且必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)介于65.14~81.42之间。桂平黄沙鳖肌肉的氨基酸总量(ΣTAA)、非必需氨基酸总量(ΣEAA)、游离氨基酸总量(ΣFAA)及EAAI均为最高。脂肪酸组成方面,其种类均超过20种,桂平和南宁黄沙鳖肌肉中二十碳五烯酸+二十二碳六烯酸(EPA+DHA)含量较高。综上所述,养殖地区的差异,黄沙鳖间肌肉营养成分各具特色。

The aim of this study was to examine the variations in nutrient levels of Pelodiscus sinensis across three distinct cultural regions,assess the nutritional make up of its muscle,and establish a theoretical framework for assessing its nutritional significance.A total of thirty robust Pelodiscus sinensis sourced from various farms across three Guangxi regions,specifically Guiping,Nanning,and Yulin,were carefully chosen for the purpose of assessing and analyzing mineral elements,conventional nutrients,amino acids,and fatty acid levels.The results indicate that the Pelodiscus sinensis muscle from Nanning exhibited the highest concentration of water and crude protein in terms of conventional nutrition,while the Pelodiscus sinensis muscle from Yulin displayed a lower ash content but a significantly higher crude fat content compared to the Pelodiscus sinensis muscle from Guiping(P<0.05).In terms of minerals,the Pelodiscus sinensis muscle in Nanning exhibited the highest levels of magnesium and calcium,while the Pelodiscus sinensis muscle in Guiping displayed a relatively high concentration of calcium;among the trace elements,the muscle of the Pelodiscus sinensis in the three regions displayed relatively high iron and zinc content,whereas the muscle of the Pelodiscus sinensis in Yulin(excluding manganese and zinc)exhibited higher levels of trace elements compared to the Pelodiscus sinensis in Guiping and Nanning.Out of the 16 amino acids found in the turtle meat from the three regions,Glu was the most abundant,followed by Asp,with EAA/TAA and EAA/NEAA ratios ranging from 37.05%to 38.34%and 70.04%to 74.23%,re‐spectively,which were in line with the WHO/FAO's recommended protein ratios of 40%and 60%,and FAA/TAA ratios ranging from 39.45%to 40.76%.The EAAI index varied between 65.14 and 81.42,with percentages ranging from 39.45%to 40.76%.Guiping Pelodiscus sinensis exhibited the highest concentra‐tions of STAA,SEAA,SFAA,and EAAI in its muscles.In terms of the fatty acid composition,each of them contained over 20 species,and on the whole,the muscles of Pelodiscus sinensis in Guiping and Nan‐ning exhibited elevated levels of EPA+DHA.The differences in different breeding areas in Guangxi,and the muscle nutrients between the cultured Pelodiscus sinensis have their own characteristics.