抽水蓄能电站水库岩质边坡消落带生态修复探讨

Ecological Restoration in Water-Level Fluctuation Zone of Reservoir Rock Slope of Pumped Storage Power Station

抽水蓄能电站是我国水利水电开发的重要组成部分,建成运行后将形成库水周期性涨落的消落带,生境条件极为脆弱,是生态环境修复的重难点区域。对岩质边坡生态修复关键技术和水库消落带生境改善方法开展系统分析,结合河南天池抽水蓄能电站上水库岩质边坡消落带生境特征,提出土工格室+生态袋+挂网复合工程技术可作为水库岩质边坡消落带生态治理的关键措施。基于消落带库水涨落节律和植物自身遗传特性,指出消落带下端优先配置长期耐淹多年生草本植物(如狗牙根),消落带中端配置耐淹能力较强的灌木和草本(如秋华柳、黄荆、紫穗槐、中华蚊母和狗牙根等),消落带上端可综合配置抗旱耐淹能力较好的乔木、灌木和草本(如银合欢、桑树、紫穗槐、黄荆、秋华柳、狗牙根和苘麻等),以及生态适应性较强的乡土植物(如藜和诸葛菜等)。研究成果对抽水蓄能电站水库岩质边坡消落带生态治理具有重要指导意义。

Pumped storage power stations play a crucial role in China' s water resource and hydropower development.However,after reservoir completion and operation,they may induce water level fluctuation zones characterized by periodic fluctuations,which hosts extremely delicate habitat conditions,posing a significant challenge for ecological restoration.This study systematically examines essential techniques for rock slope ecological restoration and methods for enhancing habitats in reservoir fluctuation zone.Focusing on the water-level fluctuation zone of the upper reservoir rock slope at Henan Tianchi Pumped Storage Power Station,we propose geocell and ecological bag composite engineering technology as a pivotal measure for ecological management.Considering the fluctuation rhythm of reservoir water and plants' genetic characteristics,we recommend allocating long-term flood-resistant perennial herbs likeCynodon dactylonto the zone's lower end.Shrubs and herbs with strong flood resistance,such as Salix variegates,Vitex negundo,Amorpha fruticose,Distylium chinense,andCynodon dactylon,are suggested for the middle section.At the upper end,trees,shrubs,and grasses likeLeucaena leucocephala,Morus alba,Amorpha fruticose,Vitex negundo,Salix variegates,Cynodon dactylon,andAbutilon theophrasti Medicus,along with locally adaptive species likeChenopodium albumL.andOrychophragmus violaceus,are recommended.These findings offer valuable guidance for ecological management of reservoir rock slopes in water-level fluctuation zones of pumped storage power station.