不同类型互叶白千层精油药理毒理作用的比较分析

Comparative Analysis of Pharmacological and Toxicological Effects of Different Essential Oils of Melaleuca alternifolia

互叶白千层精油,又称茶树油,是植物互叶白千层新鲜枝叶经水蒸馏提取的挥发性液体,具有显著的抗菌消炎等功效。100余年来,相继发现了该精油抗菌消炎等药理毒理活性,被广泛应用在药品、食品、农产品、化妆品等领域。互叶白千层有3种类型(松油醇-4型、1,8-桉叶素型、混合型),提取的精油化学成分差异较大,药理毒理作用应该不尽相同。通过文献分析,比较不同类型互叶白千层精油药理毒理作用的差异,为互叶白千层精油的开发应用提供参考。研究发现,松油醇-4型互叶白千层精油主要药理作用较为强势,具有抗菌、抗真菌、抗病毒、消炎和抗螨虫活性,1,8-桉叶素型较为平和,具有抗菌、抗真菌、消炎和促进透皮活性;混合型处于前两者之间;毒理作用较小,最多是接触性皮炎,常见于易过敏人群,安全性从小到大排名为1,8-桉叶素型、混合型和松油醇-4型。

Essential oil of Melaleuca alternata,also known as tea tree oil,is a volatile liquid extracted from fresh branches and leaves of Melaleuca alternata by water distillation,which has significant antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects.Over the past 100 years,the oil has been found to have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory pharmacological and toxicological activities,which are widely used in medicine,food,agricultural products,cosmetics and other fields.However,Melaleuca alternata has three types(terpineol-4 type,1,8-eunesin type and mixed type)which the chemical composition of the extracted essential oil is very different,so the pharmacological and toxicological effects should be different.In this paper,through literature analysis,the differences of pharmacological and toxicological effects of different types of essential oil of Melaleuca alternata were studied to provide reference for the development and application of essential oil of Melaleuca alternata.The results showed that the main pharmacological effects of the essential oil of terpineol-4 type Melaleuca alternata were stronger,with antibacterial,antifungal,antiviral,anti-inflammatory and anti-mite activities;the 1,8-eudesin type was relatively peaceful,with antibacterial,antifungal,anti-inflammatory and transdermal activities;and the mixed type was in between the terpineol-4 type and 1,8-eunesin type.The toxicological effect was small,most was contact dermatitis,commonly seen in allergic people,which safety from small to large ranks 1,8-eunesin type,mixed type and terpineol-4 type.