47份福建省鲜食春大豆种质资源的遗传分析及综合评价

Genetics and Quality of Germplasms of Spring Soybeans for Fresh Consumption

【目的】为更好地利用鲜食春大豆种质资源,筛选优良品种(系)应用于福建省鲜食大豆育种和生产上。【方法】对47份鲜食春大豆种质资源的7个表型性状进行描述统计,对13个主要农艺性状进行变异分析、相关性分析、主成分分析、聚类分析,并进行综合评价。【结果】描述统计结果表明,除了株型和结荚习性的表现一致外,其他表型性状存在差异。变异分析结果表明,13个主要农艺性状间存在丰富的变异,变异系数范围为7.49%~38.07%,底荚高度的变异系数最大,标准荚长的变异系数最小。相关性分析结果表明,株高与底荚高度、有效分枝数、单株荚重、标准荚产量均呈极显著正相关;茎粗与单株荚重、标准荚产量、有效分枝数均呈极显著正相关,有效分枝数与单株荚重、标准荚产量、鲜荚产量均呈极显著正相关;单株有效荚数、单株标准荚数均与单株荚重呈极显著正相关,单株荚重与标准荚产量、鲜荚产量均呈极显著正相关。凯撒正态化最大方差法旋转主成分分析结果表明,可用荚产量因子、荚数因子、株型因子、荚形因子等4个主因子描述13个主要农艺性状73.677%的信息量;根据主因子特征向量及其对应特征根计算各品种的综合主成分得分,用离差平方和系统聚类分析方法分别基于综合主成分得分和13个主要农艺性状标准化数据测定47份种质的欧氏距离,前者将参试材料分成2个大类2个亚类,后者将参试材料分成3个大类2个亚类,两种聚类分析方法结果基本一致;将综合主成分得分前10名的种质与其标准荚产量、鲜荚产量进行综合分析,鉴定得到南农1821、闽豆14、兴化豆8号、兴化豆618、闽豆10号、兴化豆9号、兴化豆4号、兴化豆3号等8份综合性状优良且高产的优质鲜食春大豆种质资源。【结论】47份鲜食春大豆具有较高的遗传多样性,筛选出的8份优异的鲜食春大豆种质资源可为鲜食春大豆育种提供优良的亲本或中间材料。

【Objective】Genetics and quality of a variety of germplasms of spring soybeans for fresh consumption were studied and evaluated for breeding and production in Fujian province.【Method】Descriptive statistics and analyses of variation,correlation,principal components,and clustering were applied to study the genetics of 47 germplasms.Seven phenotypic and 13 agronomic traits were selected to evaluate the quality of the spring soybeans for fresh consumption.【Result】Aside from plant type and podding habit,phenotypic traits differentiated significantly among the 47 germplasms.There were distinctive differences on 13 agronomic traits with variation coefficients ranging from 7.49%to 38.07%.Among them,the coefficient on the bottom pod height was the largest and that on the standard pod length the smallest.Significant correlations were found between(1)plant height and bottom pod height,number of effective branches,pod weight per plant,and standard pod yield,(2)stem girth and pod weight per plant,standard pod yield,and number of effective branches,(3)count of effective branches and pod weight per plant,standard pod yield,and fresh pod yield,(4)effective and standard pod counts per plant and pod weight per plant,and(5)pod weight per plant and standard and fresh pod yields.The CASAR normalized maximum variance rotational principal component analysis indicated that the 13 agronomic traits provided 73.677%information describing 4 major factors on pod yield,pod number,plant type,and pod shape of the plants.Based on the principal factor characteristic vector and corresponding characteristic root and the comprehensive principal component score on each of and the Euclidean distances among the 47 germplasms calculated from the standardized data on 13 agronomic traits,the method of the sum of squared deviations divided the 47 germplasms into 2 major categories and 2 sub-categories,whereas the cluster analysis classified them into 3 major categories and 2 sub-categories.The two methods drew a generally agreeable conclusion.Based on the scores of top 10 principal components,standard pod yield,and fresh pod yield of the cultivars,Nannong 1821,Mindou No.14,Xinghuadou No.8,Xinghua 618,Mindou No.10,Xinghuadou No.9,Xinghuadou No.4,and Xinghuadou No.3 were the choice high-quality,high-yield germplasms of spring soybeans for fresh consumption.【Conclusion】Of 47 spring soybean germplasms,8 stood out as the most desirable cultivars for fresh consumption.They were also highly diversified genetically for being used as parents or intermediate materials in breeding new varieties.