景天科多肉植物品种资源评价体系构建及应用

Construction and Application of Evaluation System for Crassulaceae Germplasms

【目的】构建景天科多肉植物品种资源综合评价体系,筛选适宜福建省栽培的多肉植物品种,为多肉植物科学引种和推广栽培提供科学依据。【方法】基于48个多肉植物品种的园艺性状,采用AHP层次分析法和K-Means聚类分析法,从观赏特性、适应性、潜在应用价值等3个层面构建综合评价体系,并进行品种等级划分。【结果】共确定14个影响多肉植物品种综合评价的关键指标,其中叶色、叶肉质化程度、越夏适应性、形姿和花期等5个因子权重占总排序的61.2%,是多肉综合价值评判的关键因素。K-Means聚类分析将48个品种划分为优、良、中等和一般4个等级,其中乌木、紫乐、阿尔巴佳人、奥普琳娜、丸叶红司、蓝苹果和碧桃等7个品种处于Ⅰ级优秀,爱星等14个品种处于Ⅱ级良好,优良品种占全部品种的43.75%,可重点繁育和推广栽培。【结论】应用AHP层次分析法和K-Means聚类分析法构建的品种资源评价体系可对景天科多肉植物品种进行有效综合评价,从而筛选出观赏特性与适应性兼具的品种。评价结果与试验地观测效果基本一致,该评价体系可为多肉植物科学引种和推广应用提供参考。

【Objective】A method to effectively evaluate the quality of Crassulaceae germplasms in Fujian was established.【Method】Based on horticultural traits,ornamental property,weather adaptability,and potential applications,48 varieties of succulent plants in the germplasm collection in Fujian were classified by means of the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and K-Means clustering.【Result】The AHP analysis selected 14 morphological traits,including leaf color,mesophyll texture development,adaptability to summer conditions,plant appearance,and flowering period,which contributed a weight of 61.2%of the total ranking score,to be the key evaluation criteria.The K-Means clustering graded 7 cultivars of the 48 germplasms,Echeveri agavoides'Ebony',Graptopetalum'Purple Delight',Echeveria'Alba Beauty',Graptoveria'Opalina',Echeveria nodulosa'Maruba',Echeveria'Blue Elf',and Echeveria'Peach Pride',as excellent,while 14 including Crassula rupestris F.as good and the remainders,average.【Conclusion】The classification on quality of Crassulaceae germplasms applied AHP and K-Means clustering basically agreed with the field observations in choosing the two top-grade groups that accounted for 43.75%of the 48 succulent plants to be the candidates for breeding and promotion.