教育机器:一种人类教育的新范式

Educating Machines:A New Paradigm for Human Education

新一代人工智能因为涌现智能而具备了接受教育的条件,智能机器成为新的教育对象,人与机器的关系转变为一种教育关系。像教育人一样教育机器,并不等于像教育机器一样教育人。“机师”与“人师”存在根本性差异,不能让机器以人教人的方式教育人。智能机器的崛起使教育面临一次由“人人之间”向“人机之间”的范式转型。构建教育机器的新型教育范式需要重新定义学习、教育、教师,更新教育理念,进行教育理论层面的准备,并为新范式的实现提供一个可行的实践模式。相对于以“学”为中心和以“教”为中心的教育范式,教育机器的新型教育范式是“教学合一”的教育范式。经由教育机器来形成一种将“教”和“学”融为一体的结构及其学习发生机制是教育范式转型的关键。

As the new generation of artificial intelligence has the conditions to receive education because of the emergence of intelligence,intelligent machines become new objects of education,and the relationship between humans and machines changes into an educational relationship.Educating a machine as if educating a human is not equal to educating a human as if educating a machine.There are fundamental differences between"machine teachers"and"human teachers."Machines cannot be designed to teach humans in the way humans teach themselves.With the rise of intelligent machines,education faces a shift from the"human-to-human"paradigm to the"human-to-machine"paradigm.To construct a new educational paradigm to educate machines,we need to redefine learning,education and teachers,update educational concepts,prepare educational theories,and provide a feasible mode of practice for the new paradigm.Compared with the learning-and teaching-centered educational paradigms,the new educational paradigm to educate machines"integrates teaching and learning."The key to shifting educational paradigms is to educate machines so as to develop a structure integrating"teaching"and"learning"and its learning mechanism.