浪漫派的“幽灵”:基于卢卡奇对浪漫主义复杂态度的考察

The“Phantom”of Romanticism:An Investigation Based on Lukács’Complex Attitudes Towards Romanticism

浪漫主义作为卢卡奇早期理论的重要来源,很快就遭到他本人的否定,尤其是在他加入匈牙利共产党之后,更激烈地批判自己之前的思想。事实上,不论是在其成书于20世纪20年代的《历史与阶级意识》里,还是在30年代表现主义论争中,卢卡奇对浪漫主义都持敌意,甚至于到了50年代以后,卢卡奇仍极力抨击德国文化中的浪漫主义传统。然而,其早期所受的浪漫主义的影响并没有消失,这种影响或隐或显地仍出现在他后来的文学批评以及思想论争中。将其思想截然切断的处理方式过于简单化。在卢卡奇前后期思想表面的断裂之下,实则有着一以贯之的精神指向。

Romanticism,a crucial source of Lukács’early theory,was subsequently denied by himself,particularly after his affiliation with the Communist Party of Hungary,when he began to more vehemently critique his earlier notions.This shift is evident not only in History and Class Consciousness penned in the 1920s,but also in his aversion to romanticism during the expressionism debates in the 1930s,and even beyond the 1950s.Despite his forceful denunciation of the romantic tradition within German culture,the romantic influence that marked his early years subtly persisted.This influence,whether explicit or implicit,continued to permeate his later literary critiques and ideological discussions.To dichotomize his intellectual journey into distinct phases is an oversimplification.Beneath the apparent discontinuity between Lukács’early and later thoughts lies a coherent spiritual orientation.