基于光热的熔盐储热技术现状及发展趋势

Status and Development Trend of Molten Salt Thermal Storage Technology Based on Photothermal Technology

针对常规太阳能利用具有间歇性和不稳定性等问题,介绍了光热技术在光热发电和太阳能直接热利用方面配备储热系统实现太阳能稳定供热的研究进展。总结了目前储热技术的分类方法和技术应用场景,综述了主流熔盐储热体系(碳酸盐、氯化盐、氟化盐、硝酸盐)的技术原理和研究进展,指出不同熔盐储热体系的优势和存在的技术问题。针对熔盐储热的技术关键,总结了在光热技术领域不同场景下的研究现状和工艺流程,并归纳出熔盐储热体系在光热领域的发展趋势。一是根据应用场景选择合适的集热方式,优化光热集热、熔盐储热的容量配置和协调控制;二是研发更低熔点、更宽液体温域、低腐蚀性的熔盐来提高熔盐储热的适用性;三是降低成本的同时兼顾熔盐储能系统运行的安全、稳定性,为未来熔盐储热技术的应用发展提供参考。

In addressing the problems of intermittency and instability in the conventional utilization of solar energy,this paper introduces the research progress of the photothermal technology applied in photothermal power generation and direct solar thermal utilization for stable solar heat supply by employing heat storage systems,and summarizes the classification methods and application scenarios of current heat storage technologies.This study reviews the technical principles and research progress of the mainstream molten salt heat storage systems(carbonate,chloride,fluoride and nitrate),pointing out the advantages and technical problems of different molten salt thermal storage systems.Aiming at the core of the molten salt thermal storage technology,it summarizes the research status and process flow of photothermal technology in different scenarios.This paper also generalizes the development trends of molten salt thermal storage systems in the photothermal field.First,suitable heat collection modes are selected according to application scenarios,and the capacity configuration and coordination control of solar heat collection and molten salt thermal storage are optimized.Second,molten salt with lower melting points,wider liquid temperature range,and low corrosion is developed to improve the applicability of molten salt thermal storage.Third,the operation safety and stability of the molten salt energy storage system can be ensured while costs are lowered.This provides a reference for the future application and development of the molten salt thermal storage technology.