基于CMR健康模型测算中国女性可延迟退休年龄

Estimation of Postpone Retirement Age of Chinese Women based on Health Level

目的基于健康水平,了解影响女性劳动参与的因素,并测算中老年女性群体可延迟劳动参与年限。方法利用2011、2013、2015年中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)全国数据,以45~69岁中老年女性作为研究对象,使用CMR健康测算模型测算不同特征女性可延迟工作年限。结果45~69岁女性平均劳动参与率为66.93%,健康水平越差越倾向于退出劳动力市场。50~69岁女性额外工作能力为3.29~3.61年;50~69岁城镇女性群体额外工作能力为7.86~8.36年,50~69岁初中及以上女性群体额外工作能力为5.89~6.33年。结论我国女性仍有较大的健康工作潜力待挖掘,尤其是对于健康状况较好的城镇和高学历中老年女性,合理制定不同群体女性退休政策,逐步实现男女同龄退休有助于进一步推进职场性别平等和健康老龄化。

Objective Based on the health level,the factors affecting female labor participation were understood,and the years of delayed employment for middle-aged and elderly women were estimated.Methods Using the 2011,2013,2015,and 2018(CHARLS)data,Women aged 45~69 years were selected as subjects.The CMR health measurement model was used to estimate the delayed working years of women with different characteristics.Results The average labor force participation rate for women aged 45~69 is 66.93%,with the poorer the level of health,the more likely they are to drop out of the labor market.women aged 50~69 have an additional working capacity of 3.29~3.61 years;the urban women′s group aged 50~69 have an additional working capacity of 7.86~8.36 years,and the junior high school and above women′s group aged 50~69 have an additional working capacity of 5.89~6.33 years.Conclusion Women in China still have great potential for healthy work to be tapped,especially for middle-aged and elderly women with good health in cities and towns and with high education.Reasonably formulating retirement policies for women of different groups and gradually realizing the retirement of men and women at the same age will help to further promote the workplace gender equality and healthy aging.