基于信息-动机-行为技能模型分析初产妇住院期间母乳喂养的影响因素

Analyzed the influencing factors of breast-feeding in primiparas during hospitalization based on information-motivation-behavioral skills model

目的调查初产妇住院期间母乳喂养现状,分析初产妇住院期间母乳喂养的影响因素,旨在为临床健康教育提供依据。方法采用便利抽样法,选取2022年1月至6月在广州市妇女儿童医疗中心产科分娩的271例初产妇作为研究对象,进行基于信息-动机-行为技能模型(IMB)的问卷调查,采用多因素logistic回归分析初产妇住院期间母乳喂养的影响因素。结果住院期间初产妇母乳喂养率为67.9%(184/271),住院期间母乳喂养宣教(OR=9.223,P=0.002,95%CI=2.243~37.935)、产后母乳喂养知识(OR=0.885,P=0.029,95%CI=0.793~0.988)、母乳喂养态度(OR=0.900,P<0.001,95%CI=0.861~0.940)、母乳喂养自我效能(OR=0.963,P=0.011,95%CI=0.935~0.991)及喂养质量(OR=0.746,P<0.001,95%CI=0.634~0.877)是初产妇非母乳喂养的影响因素。结论基于IMB从信息维度、动机维度、行为技能和行为维度分析初产妇住院期间母乳喂养的影响因素,发现初产妇住院期间母乳喂养受多种因素影响,应加强母乳喂养宣教,提高产妇母乳喂养知识,改善母乳喂养态度,增强产妇的自我效能,掌握母乳喂养技能,提高母乳喂养质量,从而提升母乳喂养率,促进母婴健康。

Objective To investigate the current situation of primiparas'breast-feeding during hospitalization and analyze the influencing factors of breast-feeding during hospitalization,in order to provide basis for clinical health education.Methods Using the convenient sampling method,271 primiparas who gave birth in the Department of Obstetrics of Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center from January to June 2022 were selected as the research objects.A questionnaire survey based on the information-motivation-behavioral skills model(IMB)was conducted.Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of breast-feeding during hospitalization.Results The rate of breast-feeding during hospitalization was 67.9%(184/271).Breast-feeding education during hospitalization(OR=9.223,P=0.002,95%CI=2.243-37.935),postpartum breast-feeding knowledge(OR=0.885,P=0.029,95%CI=0.793-0.988),breast-feeding attitude(OR=0.900,P<0.001,95%CI=0.861-0.940),breast-feeding self-efficacy(OR=0.963,P=0.011,95%CI=0.935-0.991)and feeding quality(OR=0.746,P<0.001,95%CI=0.634-0.877)were the influencing factors for non breast-feeding in primiparas.Conclusion Based on the IMB,the influencing factors of breast-feeding during the hospitalization of primipara are analyzing from the dimensions of information,motivation,behavioral skills and behavior.It was found that breast-feeding during the hospitalization of primipara is affecting by many factors,and breast-feeding education should be strengthened,maternal knowledge of breast-feeding should be improved,maternal attitude to breast-feeding should be improved,maternal self-efficacy should be enhanced,and maternal breast-feeding skills should be mastered.Improve the quality of breast-feeding,thereby increasing breast-feeding rates and promoting maternal and child health.