益生菌及其代谢产物在水产养殖中的应用及展望

Application Status and Prospects of Probiotics and Their Metabolites in Aquaculture

在水产养殖疾病防控时,抗生素的过度使用会导致病原菌抗药性增强和环境恶化。益生菌作为潜在的抗生素替代品备受关注。综述益生菌在水产养殖中的应用,阐述其在改善水产动物生长性能指标,增强水产动物免疫力与抗氧化能力,防控水产动物细菌性疾病、病毒性疾病,抑制水产动物寄生虫与真菌感染方面的应用效果,研究表明,其可提高饲料营养价值和转化率、调节宿主肠道微生物群落、增强宿主对疾病的抵抗力、改善养殖环境。指出当前益生菌在水产养殖应用中存在深度研究不足、益生菌产品菌体抗逆性不强、缺乏科学配比、生产工艺不足、缺乏统一标准的问题,并提出相关建议。

In the prevention and control of diseases in aquaculture,the excessive use of antibiotics will lead to increased resistance of pathogens and environmental degradation.Probiotics have attracted much attention as potential antibiotic substitutes.This paper reviews the application of probiotics in aquaculture,describes their role in improving growth performance of aquatic animals,enhancing their immunity and antioxidant capacity,preventing and controlling bacterial diseases and viral disease,inhibiting parasitic and fungal infections in aquatic animals.Probiotics can improve the nutritional value and conversion rate of feed,regulate the intestinal microbial community of the host,enhance the host's resistance to disease and improve the breeding environment.It is pointed out that there are some problems in the application of probiotics in aquaculture,such as lack of in-depth research,weak stress resistance and improper proportion of probiotics,insufficient production technology and lack of uniform standards,and put forward relevant suggestions.