饲粮添加糖萜素和植物乳杆菌对肉鹅免疫功能、肠道形态和肠道菌群结构的影响

Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Saccharicter⁃Penin and Lactobacillus plantarum on Immune Function,Intestinal Morphology and Intestinal Flora Structure of Meat Geese

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加糖萜素和植物乳杆菌对肉鹅免疫功能、肠道形态和肠道菌群结构的影响,以探讨糖萜素和植物乳杆菌协同关系与功能。选取96只体重为(0.135±0.020) kg的1日龄五龙鹅,随机分成4组,每组4个重复,每重复6只鹅。对照组(CON组)饲喂基础饲粮,糖萜素组(SP组)饲喂基础饲粮+0.1%糖萜素,植物乳杆菌组(LP组)饲喂基础饲粮+0.4%植物乳杆菌,糖萜素+植物乳杆菌组(SP+LP组)饲喂基础饲粮+0.1%糖萜素+0.4%植物乳杆菌。试验期70 d。结果表明:1)与CON组相比,SP组的血清免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量显著提高(P<0.05),LP组的血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量显著提高(P<0.05),SP+LP组的血清IgM和干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)含量显著提高(P<0.05)。2)与CON组相比,SP组、LP组和SP+LP组的空肠白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-2 (IL-2)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量显著降低(P <0.05),空肠白细胞介素-4(IL-4)和分泌型免疫球蛋白A(sIgA)含量显著提高(P<0.05)。3)与CON组相比,SP组、LP组和SP+LP组的空肠绒毛高度显著提高(P<0.05);LP组和SP+LP组的空肠隐窝深度显著降低(P<0.05),空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度显著提高(P<0.05)。与CON组相比,LP组和SP+LP组的回肠绒毛高度显著提高(P<0.05);SP组、LP组和SP+LP组的回肠隐窝深度显著降低(P<0.05),回肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度显著提高(P<0.05)。4)在门水平上,与对照组相比,LP组和SP+LP组的盲肠拟杆菌门相对丰度显著提高(P<0.05),SP组、LP组和SP+LP组的盲肠弯曲菌门相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05)。在属水平上,与对照组相比,LP组的盲肠拟杆菌属相对丰度显著提高(P<0.05),LP组和SP+LP组的盲肠巴恩斯氏菌属相对丰度显著提高(P<0.05),SP+LP组的盲肠普氏栖粪杆菌属相对丰度显著提高(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中联合添加糖萜素和植物乳杆菌可以增强五龙鹅的免疫功能,促进肠道形态发育,改善肠道优势菌群结构。

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary supplementation of saccharicter⁃penin and Lactobacillus plantarum on immune function,intestinal morphology and intestinal flora structure of meat geese,to explore the synergistic relationship and function of saccharicter⁃penin and Lactobacillus plantarum.Ninety⁃six 1⁃day⁃old Wulong geese with body weight of(0.135±0.020)kg were randomly divided into 4 groups with 4 replicates per group and 6 geese per replicate.The control group(CON group)was fed a basal diet,the saccharicter⁃penin group(SP group)was fed the basal diet+0.1%saccharicter⁃penin,the Lactobacil⁃lus plantarum group(LP group)was fed the basal diet+0.4%Lactobacillus plantarum,and the saccharicter⁃penin+Lactobacillus plantarum group(SP+LP group)fed the basal diet+0.1%saccharicter⁃penin+0.4%Lac⁃tobacillus plantarum.The experiment lasted for 70 days.The results showed as follows:1)compared to the control group,the serum immunoglobulin M(IgM)content of SP group was significantly increased(P<0.05),the serum immunoglobulin G(IgG)content of LP group was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the contents IgM and interferon⁃γ(IFN⁃γ)in serum of SP+LP group were significantly increased(P<0.05).2)Compared to the control group,the contents of nterleukin⁃1β(IL⁃1β),interleukin⁃2(IL⁃2)and tumor necrosis factor⁃α(TNF⁃α)in jejunum of SP group,LP group and SP+LP group were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the contents of interleukin⁃4(IL⁃4)and secretory immunoglobulin A(sIgA)were signifi⁃cantly increased(P<0.05).3)Compared to the control group,the jejunal villus height of SP group,LP group and SP+LP group was significantly increased(P<0.05);the jejunal crypt depth of LP group and SP+LP group was significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the jejunal villus height/crypt depth was significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared to the control group,the ileal villus height of LP group and SP+LP group was signifi⁃cantly increased(P<0.05);the ileal crypt depth of SP group,LP group and SP+LP group was significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the ileal villus height/crypt depth was significantly increased(P<0.05).4)At the phylum level,compared to the control group,the cecal Bacteroidota relative abundance of LP group and SP+LP group was significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the cecal Campilobacterota relative abundance of SP group,LP group and SP+LP group was significantly decreased(P<0.05).At the genus level,compared to the control group,the cecal Bacteroides relative abundance of LP group was significantly increased(P<0.05),the cecal Barnesiella relative abundance of LP group and SP+LP group was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the cecal Faecalibacterium relative abundance of SP+LP group was significantly increased(P<0.05).In conclusion,dietary combined supplementation of saccharicter⁃penin and Lactobacillus plantarum can enhance the immune function of Wulong geese,promote the intestinal morphological development,and improve the structure of intestinal dominant flora.