饲粮中添加花椒籽对湖羊营养物质表观消化率、肠道发育、免疫功能和消化酶活性的影响

Effects of Dietary Zanthoxylum bungeanum Seeds on Nutrient Apparent Digestibility,Intestinal Development,Immune Function and Digestive Enzyme Activities of Hu Sheep

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加花椒籽对湖羊营养物质表观消化率、肠道发育、免疫功能和消化酶活性的影响。选取3月龄体重[(25.66±3.03) kg]相近的健康湖羊公羔27只,随机分为3组,每组9只羊。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ和Ⅱ组分别用3%和6%的花椒籽等量替代基础饲粮中部分粗饲料。预试期7 d,正试期90 d。结果表明:1)试验Ⅱ组的粗蛋白质(CP)表观消化率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。试验Ⅰ和Ⅱ组的粗脂肪(EE)和钙表观消化率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),且试验Ⅱ组的EE表观消化率显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。2)试验Ⅰ组的十二指肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ和Ⅱ组的空肠绒毛高度和绒毛高度/隐窝深度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。3)试验Ⅱ组的血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、补体3(C3)和补体4(C4)含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ和Ⅱ组的血清溶菌酶(LZM)活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。4)试验Ⅰ组的十二指肠和回肠Toll样受体2(TLR2)mRNA相对表达量显著高于对照组和试验Ⅱ组(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ组的空肠TLR2 mRNA相对表达量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。试验Ⅰ组的十二指肠、空肠和回肠TLR2蛋白相对表达量显著高于对照组和试验Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。5)试验Ⅰ和Ⅱ组的十二指肠淀粉酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ和Ⅱ组的回肠淀粉酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加花椒籽可促进湖羊肠道发育,提高肠道免疫功能,且添加水平为3%时效果最优。

The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of dietary Zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds on nu⁃trient apparent digestibility,intestinal development,immune function and digestive enzyme activities of Hu sheep.Twenty⁃seven healthy 3⁃month⁃old Hu sheep male lambs with similar body weight[(25.66±3.03)kg]were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups with 9 sheep in each group.The control group was fed a bas⁃al diet,and the test groupsⅠandⅡwere substituted with 3%and 6%Zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds in equal amounts for part of the roughage in the basal diet,respectively.The pre⁃test period was 7 days,and the formal test period was 90 days.The results showed as follows:1)the crude protein(CP)apparent digestibility of test groupⅡwas significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).The apparent digestibility of ether extract(EE)and calcium of test groupsⅠandⅡwas significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05),and the EE apparent digestibility of test groupⅡwas significantly higher than that of test groupⅠ(P<0.05).2)The duodenal villus height/crypt depth of test groupⅠwas significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05),and the jejunal villus height and villus height/crypt depth of test groupsⅠandⅡwere significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).3)The contents of immunoglobulin G(IgG),complement 3(C3)and complement 4(C4)in serum of test groupⅡwere significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05),and the serum lysozyme(LZM)activity of test groupsⅠandⅡwas significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).4)The relative expression levels of Toll⁃like re⁃ceptor 2(TLR2)mRNA in duodenum and ileum of test groupⅠwere significantly higher than those of control group and test groupⅡ(P<0.05),and the relative expression level of TLR2 mRNA in jejunum of test groupⅠwas significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).The relative expression levels of TLR2 protein in duodenum,jejunum,and ileum of test groupⅠwere significantly higher than that of control and test groupⅡ(P<0.05).5)The duodenal amylase activity of test groupsⅠandⅡwas significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05),and the ileal amylase activity of test groupsⅠandⅡwas significantly higher than of the control group(P<0.05).In conclusion,the addition of Zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds in di⁃et can promote the intestinal development of Hu sheep and improve the intestinal immune function,and the ad⁃dition level of 3%has the best effect.