不同动物饵料作为开口饵料对中华鲟仔鱼生长与存活的影响

Effects of Different Animal Feeds as Initial Feed on Growth and Survival of Chinese Sturgeon(Acipenser sinensis)Larvae

中华鲟是我国所特有的一种高价值珍稀保护动物,如何有效提高中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)仔鱼的存活率和生长率是中华鲟养殖的关键。本试验分别选用水蚯蚓、丰年虫幼体、水蚯蚓+丰年虫幼体作为中华鲟仔鱼的开口饵料,养殖16 d后比较存活率、体重、体长以及消化酶活性等的差异,评价不同动物饵料对中华鲟仔鱼的开口效果,以期筛选适宜的开口饵料。结果表明:水蚯蚓+丰年虫幼体处理仔鱼的存活率(87.8%)显著高于丰年虫幼体处理和水蚯蚓处理(P<0.05),且增重率(60%)和特定生长率(6.0%)均显著高于丰年虫幼体处理和水蚯蚓处理(P<0.05)。此外,本研究对水蚯蚓和丰年虫幼体的营养成分进行了分析,结果显示丰年虫幼体总脂肪酸含量较高(19.0%),远高于水蚯蚓(4.26%),尤其是不饱和脂肪酸(38.22%vs25.69%),从而有效促进了中华鲟仔鱼的生长发育;水蚯蚓的蛋白质含量非常高(56.55%),且富含碳水化合物(26.27%),明显高于丰年虫幼体(蛋白质和碳水化合物含量分别为46.03%和13.62%)。综上所述,水蚯蚓搭配丰年虫幼体作为开口饵料可为中华鲟仔鱼提供更为均衡的营养,使中华鲟仔鱼的存活率和生长率得到提高。本研究结果可为中华鲟的繁育积累重要的基础数据,并可为中华鲟的进一步集约化养殖提供理论参考依据。

Chinese sturgeon(Acipenser sinensis)is a unique high⁃value rare protected animal in China.How to effectively improve the survival rate and growth rate is the key for breeding of Acipenser sinensis larvae.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the opening effect of different animal feeds on Acipenser sinensis larvae,and to screen appropriate initial feed for Acipenser sinensis larvae.L.hoffmeisteri,A.salina nauplius and L.hoffmeisteri+A.salina nauplius were selected as initial feed for Acipenser sinensis larvae through 16 days’breeding test,by comparing the differences of survival rate,body weight,body length and digestive activities.The results showed that the survival rate(87.8%)of the L.hoffmeisteri+A.salina nauplius treatment was signif⁃icantly higher than that of the A.salina nauplius treatment and the L.hoffmeisteri treatment(P<0.05),and the weight gain rate(60%)and the specific growth rate(6.0%)were significantly higher than that of the A.salina nauplius treatment and the L.hoffmeisteri treatment(P<0.05).On the basis,this study analyzed the nutritional components of L.hoffmeisteri and A.salina nauplius,and the results showed that A.salina nauplius has a higher levels of total fatty acids(19.0%),far higher than L.hoffmeisteri(4.26%),especially unsaturated fatty acids(38.22%vs 25.69%),which could effectively promote the growth and development of Acipenser sinensis lar⁃vae;L.hoffmeisteri had very high protein content(56.55%),was rich in carbohydrate(26.27%),and obvi⁃ously higher than those of A.salina nauplius(46.03%protein and 13.62%carbohydrate).In conclusion,the combination of L.hoffmeisteri and A.salina nauplius as the initial feed can provide a more balanced nutrition for Acipenser sinensis larvae,which can improve the survival rate and growth rate of Acipenser sinensis larvae.This study has accumulated important basic data for the breeding of Acipenser sinensis,and provides a theoreti⁃cal reference basis for further intensive breeding.