深圳市重度残疾人居家康复体育活动的健康效益

Health benefits of home-based exercise rehabilitation for people with severe disabilities in Shenzhen,China

目的分析残疾人居家健身的需求和活动现状,制定不同类型残疾人居家康复健身服务实施方案,评估重度残疾人居家康复体育活动的健康效益。方法以世界卫生组织(WHO)《2018-2030年促进身体活动全球行动计划:加强身体活动,造就健康世界》《WHO关于身体活动和久坐行为的指南》为依据,为重度残疾人制定功能定向、个别化的居家康复健身活动方案。2023年5月,对37例重度残疾人进行康复体育活动干预6个月。干预前后,采用国际身体活动问卷(IPAQ)、WHO残疾评定量表(WHODAS 2.0)、WHO生活质量量表简表(WHOQOL-BREF)进行评定。结果干预后,重度残疾人IPAQ低强度休闲身体活动时长显著提高。WHODAS 2.0认知、活动性、自我照护、与他人相处、与生活相关的各项活动、社会参与各维度的评分和总分显著下降,WHOQOL-BREF生理领域、心理领域、独立性领域和环境领域评分和总分显著提高。结论功能定向和个别化重度残疾人居家康复健身活动方案能有效提升重度残疾人活动水平,减轻功能障碍,提高生活质量。

Objective To analyze the needs and current situation of home-based exercise rehabilitation for people with disabilities,develop service plans for different types of disabilities,and assess its health benefits for people with severe disabilities.Methods Based on the World Health Organization(WHO)Global Action Plan on Physical Activity 2018-2030:More Active People for a Healthier World and WHO Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior,functional and individualized home-based exercise rehabilitation plans for people with severe disabilities were developed.Begining from May,2023,a six-month intervention was conducted for 37 people with severe disabilities.They were assessed with International Physical Activity Questionnaire(IPAQ),WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0(WHODAS 2.0),WHO Quality of Life(WHOQOL-BREF)before and after intervention.Results The time of low-intensity leisure physical activity of IPAQ increased after intervention,while the scores of domains of cognition,mobility,self-care,getting along,life activities and participation,and total score of WHODAS 2.0 decreased,and the scores of physical health,psychological health,independence,and environment dimensions,and total score of WHOQOL-BREF increased.Conclusion The functioning-oriented and individualized home exercise rehabilitation program can improve the level of physical activity,enhance the level of activity and boost the quality of life for people with severe disabilities.