情感性触觉干预早期应激相关的焦虑障碍的研究进展

Research progress of affective touch intervention on early life stress-related anxiety disorders

焦虑障碍是以持续过度的恐惧、焦虑和忧虑为特征,并伴有回避行为以及心率加快、呼吸急促和肌肉紧张等躯体症状的精神障碍,也是常见的精神障碍之一。研究显示,早期应激(earlylifestress,ELS)可通过改变脑结构和功能,增加个体在幼年和成年后罹患焦虑障碍的易感性。目前已有大量文章就ELS相关焦虑障碍的病理生理学机制进行综述,但鲜有关于该类焦虑障碍的干预技术的报道。在经历ELS的个体中,触觉剥夺现象普遍存在。现有的关于情感性触觉与焦虑障碍的研究中,多数提示情感性触觉可作为一种干预ELS相关焦虑障碍的方法。基于此,该文首先对经历ELS的个体的触觉剥夺现象进行介绍,随后就情感性触觉干预ELS相关焦虑障碍的作用进行探讨,接着从神经环路和神经内分泌方面对情感性触觉的作用机制进行总结,以期为ELS相关的焦虑障碍的辅助干预治疗提供参考。

Anxiety disorders are characterized by persistent and excessive fear,anxiety and concern,accompanied by avoidance behaviors and physical symptoms such as increased heart rate,shortness of breath and muscle tension,which is one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders.Research has shown that early life stress(ELS)can increase individual susceptibility to developing anxiety disorders during childhood and adulthood by modifying brain structure and functions.A large number of papers have reviewed the pathophysiological mechanisms of ELS-related anxiety disorders,while only a few have reviewed interventional techniques for ELS-related anxiety disorders.The phenomenon of tactile deprivation is prevalent in individuals experiencing ELS.Most current researches on affective touch and anxiety disorders suggest that affective touch is an intervention for ELS-related anxiety disorders.The review firstly introduces the phenomenon of touch deprivation in individuals experiencing ELS,discusses the effect of affective touch intervention on ELS-related anxiety disorders,and then summarizes the mechanism of affective touch in terms of neural circuits and neuroendocrinology,in order to provide reference for complementary intervention treatment of ELSrelated anxiety disorders.