施用生物有机肥对仁用杏园土壤微生物结构及杏仁品质的影响

Effects of bio-organic fertilizer on soil microbial structure and almond quality in almond orchard

生物有机肥替代化肥不仅可以刺激作物生长,还可以减轻化肥对生态环境的污染。为进一步探究生物有机肥对杏园土壤微生物机制以及杏仁品质的影响。本试验以河北省张家口市蔚县细弦子村15 a生‘优一’仁用杏为材料进行施肥试验,以常规施肥(化肥)处理为对照,研究生物有机肥不同施肥量T_(1)(1 kg/株)、T_(2)(2 kg/株)、T_(3)(3 kg/株)处理在2020—2021年对土壤微生物、土壤酶活性、土壤理化性质与杏仁品质上的影响。与对照相比,生物有机肥不同施肥量均能提高杏仁品质;显著提高了0~20 cm土层土壤有机质、全氮和有效磷含量,降低土壤pH;同时显著提高土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性。生物有机肥不同施肥量均能提高土壤真菌和细菌丰富度和多样性,改变土壤微生物群落结构和数量,提高放线菌门等有益菌的相对丰度。与CK相比,T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)处理MND1属和T_(2)处理链霉菌属的相对丰度显著提高,并与产量呈显著正相关。与CK、T_(1)、T_(3)处理相比,T_(2)处理显著上调的类诺卡氏菌属也与产量呈显著正相关。生物有机肥通过改变土壤微生物群落结构,提高了微生物群落多样性,增加了土壤养分含量,提高了杏仁出仁率以及品质,且在本试验中,生物有机肥施用量为2 kg/株时效果最好。

Bio-organic fertilizer can not only stimulate crop growth,but also reduce the pollution of chemical fertilizer to the ecological environment.This study explored the effects of bio-organic fertilizer on soil microbial mechanism of apricot orchard and the yield and quality of kernel apricot.The experiments were conducted in 2020-2021 with 15-year-old‘Youyi’kernel apricot in Xixianzi Village,Yu County,Zhangjiakou City,Hebei Province.The conventional fertilization(chemical fertilizer)treatment served as the contrast to study the effects of bio-organic fertilizer at different amounts T_(1)(1 kg/plant),T_(2)(2 kg/plant)and T_(3)(3 kg/plant)on soil microorganisms,soil enzyme activity,soil physical and chemical properties,yield and quality of the almond.Compared with the control,the almond quality was improved by applying different amounts of bio-organic fertilizer.Significantly increases were found on the contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen and available phosphorus in 0~20 cm soil layers,while the soil pH was decreased.At the same time,the activities of soil urease,invertase and alkaline phosphatase were significantly increased.Different amounts of bio-organic fertilizer increases the richness and diversity of soil fungi and bacteria,changed the structure and quantity of soil microbial community,and increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria such as actinomycetes.Compared with CK,the relative abundance of MND1 in T_(1),T_(2) and T_(3) treatments and Streptomyces in T_(2) treatment significantly increased,which very significantly positively correlated with yield.Compared with CK,T_(1) and T_(3) treatments,Nocardioides was significantly up-regulated by T_(2) that showed a very significant positive correlation with the yield.Bio-organic fertilizer can improve the diversity of microbial community,increase the content of soil nutrients,and improve the yield and quality of almond by changing the structure of soil microbial community.In this experiment,the best effect was achieved when the application amount of bio-organic fertilizer was 2 kg/plant.