马克思“一般智力”概念辨析——结合当代自治主义学者观点的考察

An Analysis of Karl Marx’s Concept of“General Intellect”——An Examination with the Views of Contemporary Autonomist Scholars

当代自治主义学者过度广义化了一般智力内涵,认为一般智力已从固定资本扩展到劳动者自身的主体潜能,并认为马克思的一般智力内涵已无法完全契合当代社会现实。通过考察马克思的文本发现,一般智力作为转化为直接生产力的社会知识,于19世纪典型地对象化在固定资本中,同时体现于生产劳动中的科学知识和协作交流中。马克思的一般智力内涵具有社会历史性、集体性的特征。尽管马克思未能完全预见资本逻辑在当代的具体演变形态,但这并不意味着其一般智力概念已经失去价值和意义。我们要坚守历史唯物主义基本原则,从马克思主义的生产理论中汲取智慧以指导我们更好地理解一般智力在当代社会中的地位和作用,并应对资本逻辑的新变化。

Contemporary autonomist scholars have overly broadened the connotation of“general intel-lect,”believing that it has expanded from fixed capital to the subjective potential of laborers them-selves and that Karl Marx’s concept of“general intellect”no longer fully conforms to contemporary social reality.Through an examination of Marx’s works,it is found that“general intellect,”as social knowledge transformed into direct productive forces,was typically objectified in fixed capital in the 19th century,while also manifesting in scientific knowledge in productive labor and collaborative com-munication.Marx’s concept of“general intellect”features both social historicity and collectivity.Al-though Marx did not fully foresee the specific evolutionary forms of capitalist logic in contemporary so-ciety,this does not mean that the concept of“general intellect”has lost its value and significance.The basic principles of historical materialism must be adhered to,so as to draw wisdom from Marx-ist production theory,to better understand the status and role of“general intellect”in contemporary society,and to respond to the new changes in capitalist logic.