单氰胺对黔中地区甜樱桃生物学特性和果实品质的影响

Effects of melamine on biological characteristics and fruit quality of sweet cherry in central

为解决黔中地区甜樱桃开花不整齐和坐果率不高的问题,以4年生美早甜樱桃为试材,研究喷施不同浓度、不同品牌单氰胺以及不同喷施时间和不同添加剂对甜樱桃破芽催眠效果、物候期、开花整齐度等生物学特性及果实品质的影响。结果表明,喷施单氰胺处理对美早甜樱桃萌芽期、花期、盛花时间、开花整齐度以及坐果率均有显著影响,但对完全花数量、新梢和叶片生长无显著影响。2月1日喷施含单氰胺的处理均能有效促进甜樱桃萌芽和开花,其中喷施2.0%单氰胺+1.0%吐温处理最早萌芽和开花;除1月17日喷施处理和喷施2.0%单氰胺+10%大蒜浸提物处理外,均可提高开花整齐度,较对照提高2%~5%。此外,喷施2.0%单氰胺+10%大蒜浸提物、2.0%单氰胺+1.0%吐温2个处理均能显著提高坐果率,较对照提高6%~9%;2月1日喷施2.0%单氰胺处理株产最高,但与其他处理均无显著差异。综合分析比较,黔中地区美早甜樱桃2月初喷施2.0%单氰胺(荣芽)或2.0%单氰胺(荣芽)+1.0%吐温,可促使甜樱桃萌芽和开花,提高开花整齐度、坐果率和产量。

In order to solve the problems of irregular flowering and low fruit-setting rate of sweet cherry in central Guizhou,four-year-old sweet cherry‘Meizao’was used as material to study the effects of spraying different concentrations,the different brands of melamine,the spraying time and additives on the biological characteristics and quality of sweet cherry.The results showed that spraying melamine had significant effects on germination,flowering satage,flowering time,flowering regularity and fruit setting rate of‘Meizao’cherry,however,it had no significant effect on the number of complete flowers,the growth of new shoots and leaves.The treatment of spraying melamine on February 1st could effectively promote the germination and flowering of sweet cherry,among which the treatment of 2.0%melamine+1.0%tween was the earliest except spraying on January 17th and treating with 2.0%cyanamide+10%garlic extract,the flowering regularity was improved by 2%~5%.In addition,the two treatments of 2.0%cyanamide+10%garlic extract and 2.0%cyanamide+1.0%tween temperature could significantly increase fruit setting rate by 6%~9%compared with the control.The yield of the strain treated with 2.0%cyanamide on February 1st was the highest,but there was no significant difference with other treatments.In comparison,spraying 2.0%dicyandiamide or 2.0%dicyandiamide+1.0%tween on‘Meizao’sweet cherries in central Guizhou in early February could promote the germination and flowering of sweet cherries,improve flowering regularity,fruit set rate and yield.