不同配方施肥对人参果园土壤理化性质和果实产量的影响

Effects of different fertilization on soil physicochemical properties and fruit yield of Solanum muricatum Aiton

为探究不同配方施肥对人参果园土壤理化性质和果实产量的影响,以云南省石林县红壤土和石漠化砂土作为试验地,以圆果2号人参果为试材,采用引蔓栽培方式,设置4种不同配方施肥处理,以传统施肥方式为对照,分析不同配方施肥处理后土壤理化性质的变化和对果实产量的影响。结果表明:土壤理化性质方面,各处理与对照相比,施用矿源腐植酸微生物菌剂20 g+矿物质中微量元素肥20 g+矿源黄腐酸钾1 g对红壤土土壤理化性质改良最佳,其中,全氮和全钾含量最高,较对照分别提高了3.4%和7.2%;施用矿源腐植酸微生物菌剂10 g+矿物质中微量元素肥10 g+矿源黄腐酸钾1 g+高磷复合肥5 g+高钾复合肥5 g对石漠化砂土土壤理化性质改良最佳,其中,全磷和全钾含量最高,较对照分别提高了112.8%和4.2%,特征微团聚组成比例(PCM)和土壤分形维数(D值)最低,分别为0.425和2.738,红壤土中粒径2.00~0.25 mm土壤微团聚体含量上升,土壤孔隙度增加,容重降低。果实产量方面,同一配方施肥处理,在红壤土和石漠化砂土中,对果实产量影响有差异。石漠化砂土中,随着施肥浓度增加,667 m^(2)产量增加;红壤土中,施用矿源腐植酸微生物菌剂10 g+矿物质中微量元素肥10 g+矿源黄腐酸钾1 g 667 m^(2)产量最高,随着施肥浓度增加,667 m^(2)产量下降。综上所述,混合施用生物有机肥、微生物菌肥和高磷高钾复合肥可改善土壤理化性质,提高土壤养分含量,增加人参果产量。

To explore the effects of different formula fertilization on soil physicochemical properties and fruit yield of Solanummuricatum Aiton.In this experiment,the red loam and rocky desertification sandy soil of Shilin County of Yunnan Province were used as experimental sites,and S.muricatum‘Yuanguo 2’was used as planting test material.By applying 4 different formula fertilizers treatments,traditional fertilization method was used as a control(CK),the effects of different formula fertilization on soil physicochemical properties and fruit yield were analyzed.The results showed that in terms of soil physical and chemical properties,compared with CK,the application of mineral humic acid microbial agent 20 g+mineral medium and trace element fertilizer 20 g+mineral potassium fulvic acid 1 g had the best effect on the physical and chemical properties of red loam soil.The content of total nitrogen and total potassium was the highest,which increased by 3.4%and 7.2%compared with CK,respectively.The application of mineral humic acid microbial agent 10 g+mineral medium and trace element fertilizer 10 g+mineral xanthohumate potassium 1 g+high-phosphorus compound fertilizer 5 g+high-potassium compound fertilizer 5 g had the best effect on the improvement of physical and chemical properties of rocky desertification sandy soil.Among them,total phosphorus and total potassium contents were the highest,which increased by 112.8%and 4.2%compared with CK,respectively,and PCM and D values were the lowest 0.425 and 2.738,respectively.In the red loam soil,the content of soil microaggregates with particle size of 2.00~0.25 mm increased,the soil voidage increased,and the bulk density decreased.In terms of fruit yield,under the same fertilizer formula,there was a difference in fruit yield between red 2 loam and rocky desertification sandy soil.In rocky desertification sandy soil,the yield per 667 m increased with the 2 increase of fertilization concentration.In red loam soil,the yield per 667 m under the application of mineral humic acid microbial agent 10 g+mineral medium and trace element fertilizer 10 g+mineral potassium fulvic acid 1 g is the 2 highest,and the yield per 667 m decreases with the increase of fertilization concentration.In summary,the mixed application of bio-organic fertilizer,microbial fertilizer and high phosphorus and high potassium compound fertilizer can improve the physical and chemical properties of soil,improve soil nutrients,and increase the yield of S.muricatum.