基于三维分析框架的我国护理人力资源配置政策研究

Research of nurse staffing policy in China based on a three-dimensional framework

目的归纳总结我国护理人力资源配置政策,梳理其发展特点及影响因素,为完善我国护理人力资源配置政策提供新思路。方法采用内容分析法,基于政策工具-政策过程-发展历程构建三维分析框架,对国家层面印发的护理人力资源配置相关政策进行分析。结果共纳入25份政策文本,获取142条政策文本编码。最早的1份政策于1978年印发,2010年及以后共印发19份。从发文部门来看,国务院印发5份,国家卫生健康委员会印发15份,其中5份由2个及以上部门联合印发。在政策工具维度,供给型、需求型和环境型政策工具占比分别为22.54%、4.22%和73.24%。在政策发展维度,政策规划、政策实施、政策监督、政策评价分别占36.62%、50.00%、7.04%和6.34%。结论护理人力资源配置政策应加强需求型政策工具的使用,进一步协调政策工具的内部结构;加强政策过程中的监督和评价功能,加强各方协作,保障护理人力资源合理配置。

Objective To summarize nursing staff policy in China,sort out its development characteristics and influencing factors,and provide new ideas for improving Chinese nursing human resource allocation policy.Methods The content analysis method was used.We built a three-dimensional framework based on policy tool-policy process-development period to analyse Chinese nursing staff policy.Results A total of 25 government policy files were included in the analysis and 142 policy texts were extracted.The earliest policy file was published in 1978,and 19 policy files were published after 2010.According to different departments to classify,the State Council published 5,and 15 were issued by the National Health Commission,wherein,5 were issued jointly by two or more departments.For the policy tool dimension,supply-side,demand-side and environment-side accounted for 22.54%,4.22%and 73.24%respectively.For the policy process dimension,policy planning,policy implementation,policy supervision and policy evaluation accounted for 36.62%,50.00%,7.04%and 6.34%respectively.Conclusion The allocation policy of nursing human resources should strengthen the use of demand-oriented policy tools and further coordinate the internal structure of policy tools.We should strengthen the supervision and evaluation function in the policy process,strengthen the cooperation of all parties,and ensure the rational allocation of nursing human resources.