复合植物生长调节剂对荔枝开花及坐果的影响

Effect of compound plant growth regulators on the flowering and fruit setting in litchi

以妃子笑荔枝品种为试材,采用4个复合植物生长调节剂处理喷施花穗,分别为乙烯利+多效唑(T1)、乙烯利+烯效唑(T2)、乙烯利+多效唑+乙氧氟草醚(T3)、乙烯利+稀效唑+乙氧氟草醚(T4),以清水为对照,比较不同处理对荔枝开花节奏、花量、坐果量以及果实品质的影响。结果表明,4个复合植物生长调节剂处理均可显著降低妃子笑荔枝雄花量,提高雌花率与单穗坐果量,而对果实品质的影响较小,其中T4处理的效果最佳,处理后可显著提早6 d开放雌花,并延长雌花累计开放天数至11 d左右,雄花量约为对照的1/15,雌花率提高至81.76%,单穗坐果量提高至12.00粒,可食率提高3~4个百分点。研究结果可为生产上使用植物生长调节剂促进荔枝提质增产提供依据。

With‘Feizixiao’litchi as the plant material,four kinds of compound plant growth regulators were applied,including ethephon+paclobutrazol(T1),ethephon+uniconazole(T2),ethephon+paclobutrazol+oxyfluorfen(T3),ethephon+uniconazole+oxyfluorfen(T4),with clear water as control,to compare the effects of different treatments on the flowering rhythm,flower quantity,fruit setting and fruit quality in litchi.The results showed that,all the four kinds of compound plant growth regulators could significantly reduce the amount of male flowers,increase the rate of female flowers and the amount of fruit setting,but had little effect on fruit quality.Among these treatments,T4 had the best effect.After treatment,female flowers opened significantly earlier than 6 days,and the cumulative opening days of female flowers could be extended to 11 days.The amount of male flowers was only about 1/15 of the control.The rate of female flower was increased to 81.76%and the average number of panicle fruit set was increased to 12.00.In addition,the edible rate was increased by about 3~4 percentage points.The results of this study can provide theoretical basis for using plant growth regulators to improve the yield and quality of litchi.