高强度金属棒料精密剪切分离技术研究进展

Research progress of precise shearing separation technology for high-strength metal bars

金属棒料切断分离的下料工序是大多数机械零件成形制造的第1道工序。传统冲床剪切和带锯锯切的工艺方法由于存在不同程度的切断力大、断面质量差、生产效率低和材料浪费等问题,难以适用于中大直径的高强度金属棒料的高效精密切断。依据剪切下料的锻压设备类型及加载速度,将处于研究及推广状态的高强度金属棒料的精密剪切分离技术分为低速和高速两类,从工艺原理、设备类型、断面质量以及剪切效率等方面对不同精密剪切分离技术进行了探讨。相比于传统下料技术,高速精密剪切分离技术切断效率及断面精度更高,并提出了该技术进一步的研究方向。

The cutting-off process of metal bars separation is the first process for forming most mechanical parts.The traditional pressshearing and band-sawing process methods are not suitable for the efficient precision cutting of high-strength metal bars with middle and large diameter due to varying degrees of drawbacks of large cutting force,inferior section quality,low production efficiency and material waste.According to the forging equipment types and loading speed of shearing cutting-off,the precision shearing separation technologies of high-strength metal bars under the research and promotion state are divided into low-speed and high-speed types.Different precision shearing separation technologies were discussed from the aspects of process principle,equipment type,section quality and shearing efficiency.Compared with traditional cutting-off technology,high-speed precision shearing separation technology has higher cutting efficiency and section accuracy,and the further research direction of this technology was proposed.