俄罗斯司法鉴定的立法体系及借镜思考

The Legislative System of Forensic Appraisal in Russia and Its Enlightenment

立法体系是国家制定并以国家强制力保证实施的规范性文件系统,如宪法、法律、行政法规、地方性法规等构成的系统,司法鉴定立法体系是司法鉴定现代化治理的重要路径之一。俄罗斯司法鉴定立法体系以《俄罗斯联邦宪法》为依据,以上位联邦法为统领,专门联邦法为核心,指引联邦行政机关颁布下位法精细规范,构造出立法层次高、立法体系完备、各位阶法律规范有效衔接的完整而细密的司法鉴定立法体系。以俄罗斯为鉴,我国应当积极推进统领性上位法建设,提升司法鉴定规范的法律位阶,弥补司法鉴定活动规范中上位法缺失,以上位法为统领理顺下位法冲突,构建完整统一的司法鉴定立法体系。

The legislative system is a normative document system formulated by the state and guaranteed to be implemented by the state’s compulsory force,a system composed of the constitution,laws,administrative regulations,local regulations,etc.The legislative system of forensic appraisal is one of the important paths for the modernization of forensic appraisal governance.The legislative system of forensic appraisal in Russia is based on the Constitution of the Russian Federation,with the superior federal law as the lead,the special federal law as the core,guiding the federal administrative agencies to promulgate the subordinate regulations,and constructing a complete and detailed forensic appraisal legislative system with high legislative level,complete legislative system,and effectively connected legal norms in all ranks.Taking Russia as a reference,China should actively promote the construction of the leading superior law,improve the legal rank of forensic appraisal norms,make up for the lack of superior law in the norms of forensic appraisal activities,straighten out the conflicts of the subordinate law with the superior law,and construct a complete and unified Chinese forensic appraisal legislative system.