法国刑事鉴定制度研究

Study on the Criminal Appraisal System in France

法国的刑事鉴定是司法机关为解决刑事诉讼领域专门的技术或科学问题而委任在该领域具有专门知识的人进行解释并作出鉴定意见的制度。随着新型科学技术手段在刑事诉讼中的应用日益普遍,刑事鉴定对于帮助法官查明事实真相并作出准确的判决亦日趋重要。1808年法国施行的《刑事诉讼法典》创设了“混合式”鉴定人遴选制度、富有“对抗色彩”和“参与意义”的鉴定程序以及法官对刑事鉴定的“常设式”监督模式,逐渐形成了一套系统严密且独具特色的刑事鉴定制度体系,在比较法上具有重要的理论价值。

In France,criminal appraisal is a system in which the judicial authorities appoint individuals with specialized knowledge in a particular field to interpret and provide expert opinions for resolving technological or scientific issues in criminal cases.As the application of new scientific and technological methods in criminal procedure becomes increasingly common,criminal appraisal plays a vital role in assisting judges to ascertain the factual truth and make accurate judgments.The Code of Criminal Procedure in France in 1808 has established the“mixed”system for the selection of appraisers,the criminal forensic procedure characterized by its“adversarial nature”and“participatory significance”,and the“permanent”supervision model by judges over criminal forensics.This has gradually formed a systematic,rigorous,and uniquely characteristic criminal forensic system,holding significant theoretical value in comparative law.