生成式人工智能如何影响劳动力市场?——基于中外文献的对比分析

How Does Generative Artificial Intelligence Affect the Labor Market?A Comparative Analysis Based on Chinese and Foreign Literatures

数字经济背景下,以ChatGPT为代表的生成式人工智能的发展对推动劳动力市场变革具有重大战略意义。对比分析中外文献在这方面的研究异同可以深入理解这一影响的跨文化特征,指导中国新时代劳动力市场的发展。本研究采用文献计量法和比较研究法,对中国知网和WoS数据库的核心文献进行定量与定性分析,并结合VOSviewer图谱分析软件对关键词进行共现和聚类分析,揭示了国内外相关研究在理论框架和研究视角上的异同。并且,从跨国家的视角剖析了中外文献关于生成式人工智能对劳动力市场影响的差异,为生成式人工智能如何重塑劳动模式、就业结构及劳动关系提供了新的理论洞察。研究发现,国内外关于生成式人工智能对劳动力市场影响的研究主题聚焦在数字劳动与人机协同、人才培养和劳动成果归属三大主题上,这些主题下视角和观点的差别反映了不同国家发展需求、教育传统、文化价值以及法律和伦理体系的差异性。

In the context of digital economy,the development of generative artificial intelligence represented by ChatGPT is of great strategic significance in driving the changes in the labor market.A comparative analysis of domestic and foreign literature in this field can provide an in-depth understanding of the cross-cultural characteristics of this impact,and guide the development of China's labor market in the new era.By employing bibliometric analysis and comparative research methods,this study conducted quantitative and qualitative analysis on core literature from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)and Web of Science(WoS)databases.Additionally,the VOSviewer software was utilized to perform co-occurrence and clustering analysis on keywords,revealing the similarities and differences in theoretical frameworks and research perspectives between domestic and international studies.From a transnational perspective,this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the differences in the impact of generative artificial intelligence on the labor market,as depicted in Chinese and foreign literature.It offers new theoretical insights into how generative artificial intelligence reshapes labor patterns,employment structures,and labor relations.It is found that domestic and international research on the impact of generative AI on the labor market focuses on three major themes:digital labor and human-machine collaboration,talent cultivation and attribution of labor outcomes.The differences in perspectives and viewpoints within these themes reflect the variations in development needs,educational traditions,cultural values,as well as legal and ethical systems of different countries.