“东西”还是“南北”地区制度差异大?

A Study on the Institutional Differences between“East-West”and“North-South”Regions

近年来制度因素对不同地区经济发展的作用受到广泛重视。基于改革开放以来制度变革的特点,运用熵权法从产权多元化水平、市场化程度、开放程度及非正式制度四个维度构建并测度了2006—2020年全国31个省区市制度综合指数及各维度指数,然后运用Dagum基尼系数对地区制度差异进行了测算并从“东中西”和“南北”地区两个视角进行分解,最后使用QAP方法分析区域制度差异的形成机理。结果表明:(1)在观测期内制度水平总体不高但呈现稳定上升的趋势;各维度指数均处于较低水平,从大到小排序依次为开放程度、市场化程度、非正式制度和产权多元化水平;从地区差异来看,东西差异较大,南北差异相对缓和。(2)制度水平的空间分布表现出明显的区域不均衡特征。地区间差异是造成“东中西”地区制度差异的主要原因,地区内差异是造成“南北”地区制度差异的最主要原因;变化趋势上,东西差异呈不断下降趋势,而南北方差异则有不断上升的趋势。(3)四大维度差异都对制度差异具有显著正影响,但各维度的边际效应存在时空差异。市场化程度及产权多元化水平差异是造成地区制度差异的主要原因;市场化程度、产权多元化水平及开放程度差异的贡献在下降,而非正式制度差异的贡献在上升。据此提出了相关政策建议。

The role of institutional factors in the economic development of different regions has been widely recognized in recent years.Based on the characteristics of institutional changes since the reform and opening-up,the entropy weight method was used to construct and measure the comprehensive institutional index and dimension indices of 31 provinces,autonomous regions,and municipalities in China from 2006 to 2020,considering the levels of property rights diversification,marketization,openness and informal institutions.Then,the Dagum Gini coefficient was employed to calculate regional institutional differences,which were further decomposed from the perspectives of“east-central-west”and“north-south”regions.Finally,the QAP method was used to analyze the formation mechanism of regional institutional differences.The results indicate that the overall institutional level of during the observation period is not high but shows a stable upward trend;the indices of all dimensions are at relatively low levels,ranked from highest to lowest as openness,marketization,informal institutions,and property rights diversification;in terms of regional differences,there is a significant gap between the eastern and western regions,while the differences between the southern and northern regions are relatively moderate.The spatial distribution of institutional levels shows significant regional disparities.Inter-regional differences are the main reason for the institutional disparities between the eastern,central,and western regions,while intra-regional differences are the primary causes of the institutional disparities between the northern and southern regions;in terms of trends,the disparities between the eastern and western regions are continuously decreasing,while the disparities between the southern and northern regions are steadily increasing.The differences in the four dimensions all have a significant positive impact on institutional differences,but the marginal effects of each dimension vary across time and space.The differences in the level of marketization and property rights diversification are the main causes of regional institutional differences.The contributions of marketization,property rights diversification,and openness to institutional differences are declining,while the contribution of informal institutions is increasing.Accordingly,relevant policy recommendations are put forward.