美国西尼罗病毒的风险监测及管理

Risk Monitoring and Management for West Nile Virus in the United States

西尼罗病毒(West Nile virus,WNV)是重要的虫媒病毒之一。美国自1999年首次在纽约市发现WNV以来,在WNV感染风险监测和管理方面进行了大量的研究和实践。建立的以蚊子、鸟类为基础的环境监测系统,不仅起到了对WNV感染早期预警的关键作用,同时还为下一步制定防控措施提供了依据;采取的虫媒综合管理和分阶段风险响应管理等措施,成功控制了WNV的传染源和传播途径,为减轻其对公共卫生的影响起到了关键作用。本文介绍了美国WNV流行情况、风险监测方法及风险管理措施,以期对我国WNV感染等虫媒传播人兽共患病的流行病学研究、早期预警、口岸风险分析以及科学防控提供依据。

West Nile virus(WNV)is one of the major arboviruses.Since WNV was firstly found in New York in 1999,a large number of researches and practice about risk monitoring and management of WNV infection had been conducted by the United States.An environmental monitoring system was developed targeting at mosquitoes and birds,which not only played a key role in early warning of WNV infection,but also provided a basis for future development of preventive and control measures;the measures including comprehensive management for insect vectors and risk responses by stages were implemented,successfully controlled infection sources and cut transmission routes of WNV,and contributed to mitigating related impact on public health.In the paper,the prevalence of WNV,risk monitoring methods and risk management measures in the United States were introduced,aiming to guide epidemiological researches,early warning,risk analysis at ports and scientific prevention and control of WNV infection and other zoonotic diseases transmitted by vectors in China.