和平解决领土及海洋权益争端的良法善治

The Good Law and Governance regarding the Peaceful Settlement of Disputes on the Territory and Maritime Rights

从良法善治“应然”的实体公平合理和程序正当性,看待分析国际法实践的和平解决领土及海洋权益争端,是研究以国际良法促进全球善治的一个重要方面。17世纪以来和平解决领土及海洋权益争端的国际法实践,尤其是近百年来有关国际裁判案例,为这方面的良法善治研究提供了丰富的素材。其中,可适用的自然法、习惯国际法和条约法等源于西方的国际法及其理念,既有一定的时代进步性,又有历史局限性。即便是充分兼顾发展中国家利益的《联合国海洋法公约》这样的良法,往往也缺少相应的善治;相关国际裁判未充分尊重国家对于管辖权的意愿或保留。中国应对和平解决与邻国间尚存领土及海洋权益争端,须在全面客观看待有关良法善治的前提下,积极创设和参与制定有关良法,坚持双边谈判解决相关争端的善治立场。

In the view of good law and governance“as they ought to be”substantive fairness and reasonableness with the procedural justice,it is an important aspect of research on promoting the global good governance by the good international law to analyze the practices of international laws regarding the peaceful settlement of disputes on the territory and maritime rights.Since the 17th century,the practices of international law related to the peaceful settlement of disputes on the territory and maritime rights,and in particular,the cases of international adjudication of the last century,have provided with the abundant materials for the research on the good law and governance in this regard.The applicable laws for these cases include the natural law,customary international law and treaties which were originated from the western ideas and international laws.They had the historical advances and limitations.Even though the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea as the good law has sufficiently considered the interests and rights of the developing countries,it lacks the good governance in some cases.The correspondent international adjudications have not fully respected the states'wills or reservations on the jurisdiction.China must peacefully settle disputes of the territory and the maritime rights with the neighboring countries.It is the precondition for China to have a comprehensive assessment on the relevant good laws and governances while actively creating and taking part in making the good laws and insisting in bilateral negotiation to settle disputes as the position of good governance.