《国家安全法》视域下危害国家安全罪新论

Discussing Crime of Jeopardizing State Security from the Perspective of National Security Law

在2015年《国家安全法》出台之前,危害国家安全罪与危害国家安全的犯罪这两个概念的含义基本相同。然而,随着《国家安全法》将国家安全的范围扩大,这两个概念的语义就有了区分的必要,因为以前危害国家安全的犯罪只对应《刑法》分则第一章;而《国家安全法》将国家安全的任务扩大到第15条至第34条,当危害国家安全行为升格为犯罪时,就不仅对应《刑法》分则第一章,而可能涉及超出第一章以外的具体罪名,这些罪名属于《国家安全法》规定的危害国家安全的犯罪,但不是《刑法》上的危害国家安全罪。如果从广义上确定国家安全法益,那么《刑法》分则第一章规定的危害国家安全罪应修改为危害国家主权、政权罪更为妥当。《刑法》修改后,危害国家安全罪将作为《国家安全法》上的概念对应《刑法》分则体系。在《刑法》中,侵犯社会法益的犯罪同时成立危害国家安全的犯罪是《国家安全法》二次评价的结果。广义的国家安全法益是否受到侵犯是这种二次评价的依据。如果《刑事诉讼法》也跟进《国家安全法》,把危害国家安全犯罪的语义从狭义调整到广义,那么《国家安全法》对危害国家安全的犯罪的二次评价程序问题将成为制度建设的核心。

Before the issue of the National Security Law in 2015,basically the same are the connotations of the two concepts:crimes of jeopardizing state security and of endangering national security.However,when the National Security Law extends its concept of national security,it becomes necessary to distinguish the semantics of these two concepts,for,in the past,crimes that endanger national security only corresponded to Chapter 1 of the Criminal Law.The National Security Law expands the range of the task of national security from Articles 15 to 34.When an act that endangers national security is escalated to a crime,it not only corresponds to Chapter 1 of the Criminal Law,but may involve specific charges beyond Chapter 1.These charges are all crimes that endanger national security as stipulated in the National Security Law,but are not crimes that endanger national security as defined in the Criminal Law.If the legal interests of national security are determined in a broad sense,it will be more appropriate to modify the crime of jeopardizing state security stipulated in Chapter 1 of the Criminal Law to the crime of endangering national sovereignty and political power.With the amendment of the Criminal Law,crime of jeopardizing state security is included as a concept in the National Security Law corresponding to the criminal law system.The crime of infringing on social legal interests in criminal law and establishing a crime that endangers national security is the result of the second evaluation of the National Security Law.Whether the broad national security interests have been violated is the basis for this secondary evaluation.If the Criminal Procedure Law also follows the National Security Law and adjusts the semantics of crimes endangering national security from a narrow sense to a broad sense,then the issue of re-evaluation procedure for crimes endangering national security in the National Security Law will be the core of institutional construction.