基于DNA条形码技术鉴定库尔勒机场的蝙蝠物种

Identification of bat species at Korla Airport based on DNA barcoding

随着航空业的发展,野生动物与航空器之间的冲突愈演愈烈,研究机场周边飞行动物对机场动物撞击防范工作具有重要意义。蝙蝠作为世界上唯一的飞行类哺乳动物,也是严重影响夜间飞机飞行安全的隐患之一,但由于蝙蝠体型较小,发生撞击后往往无法发现相对完整的尸体,多为血液和毛发等,因此物种鉴定比较困难。从库尔勒机场防鸟网采集到一具蝙蝠样本,基于DNA条形码技术(DNA barcoding),通过16S rRNA遗传距离分析,发现棕蝠属(Eptesicus)与库尔勒样本群体间遗传距离为0.031~0.092,属内与库尔勒样本种间差异最大的是南美棕蝠(Eptesicus diminutus),遗传距离为0.092;差异最小的是大棕蝠(Eptesicus serotinus),遗传距离为0.031。结合形态学分析并通过解剖证实该个体的性腺尚未发育,确定了库尔勒机场挂网蝙蝠物种为大棕蝠。本研究为机场不易辨认或者保存不完整样本的物种鉴定提供方法依据。在确定物种后,了解其生活史特征,有利于机场动物撞击防范工作的精准实施,从而最大限度降低机场损失。

With the development of the aviation industry,conflict between humans and wildlife has become increas⁃ingly frequent as a result of aircraft strikes.Studies on the diversity of bird communities around airports play an important role in bird strike prevention work.As the only mammals in the world capable of true flight,bats pose a serious safety haz⁃ard to aircraft traveling at night.However,because of bats’relatively small size,intact bodies are often difficult to obtain after a strike;most remains consist of blood and hair,which makes it difficult to identify the bats to species.In this study,a bat sample collected from the bird netting ai Korla Airport.We analyzed the remains of bats obtained from Korla Airport using DNA barcoding and genetic distance analysis.We found that the genetic distance between the Korla sample popula⁃tion and members of the genus Eptesicus was 0.031–0.092.The species with the greatest genetic distance from the Kor⁃la sample population was Eptesicus diminutus(0.092),and the species with the smallest genetic distance was Eptesicus serotinus(0.031).The barcoding analysis,combined with morphological analysis and dissection,proved that the individ⁃ual’s gonads had not yet developed,and confirmed that the Korla Airport net hanging bat was Eptesicus serotinus.This study provides a methodological basis for the identification of species found at airports after aircraft strikes.After the spe⁃cies are identified,understanding the characteristics of their life history is beneficial for the precise implementation of animal strike prevention at airports,thereby minimizing airport losses.