剪接体在细胞生命活动领域中的研究进展

Research progress of spliceosomes in the field of cell life activities

RNA剪接是一种重要的后转录修饰过程,它可以将基因组mRNA前体(pre-mRNA)中的内含子剪切掉,并将外显子连接成一个连续的转录本,该过程涉及数百种蛋白质和几种小核RNA(snRNA)的精确控制以适应细胞生理需要,通过RNA剪切,剪接体活动以基因表达调控为手段,对细胞的发育、分化及环境变化的适应等过程产生影响。一些剪接体因子的表达还受到细胞周期阶段的调控,甚至在不同的细胞周期阶段正确地剪接不同的mRNA,当细胞面临各种应激时,剪接体能够调整其活动以适应环境的变化,而异常的剪接体活动还与多种疾病相关,包括癌症、神经系统疾病及遗传性疾病。文章从细胞增殖、凋亡、周期、侵袭和迁移等方面综述了可变剪接和剪接体对细胞生命活动的影响及调控作用,旨在探索剪接体的调控机制,揭示细胞生存奥秘。

RNA splicing is an important post-transcriptional modification process,which can cut out the introns in the genome pre-mRNA and connect the exons into a continuous transcript.The process involves the precise control of hundreds of proteins and several snRNAs to meet the needs of cell physiology.In this way,splicing activity affects cell development,differentiation and adaptation to environmental changes by means of gene expression regulation.The expression of some splicing factors is also regulated by the cell cycle stage,and even correctly splices different mRNAs at different cell cycle stages.When cells face various stress conditions,spliceosomes can adjust their activities to adapt to environmental changes.Abnormal splicing activity is also associated with a variety of diseases,including cancer,neurological diseases,and genetic diseases.In this paper,the effects of alternative splicing and spliceosomes on cell proliferation,apoptosis,cell cycle,invasion and migration were reviewed with the aim of exploring the regulatory mechanism of spliceosomes and revealing the mystery of cell survival.