战争、疾病与生存:《愚弄鸦族》中的人类共同体思想

War,disease and survival:James Welch's mind of a community of mankind in Fools Crow

人类共同体是詹姆斯·韦尔奇《愚弄鸦族》的一个重要主题关注,韦尔奇在小说中通过蒙大拿本土裔美国人之间及其与美国白人之间的战争表明,战争是人类生存的一大威胁,缺乏一种能容纳整个人类的共同体思想是导致蒙大拿本土裔美国人之间及其与美国白人之间发动战争从而对彼此生存造成威胁的根本原因。他也通过白斑病对蒙大拿黑脚族本土裔美国人生活产生的巨大影响表明,疾病是人类生存的另一大威胁,它的出现常常超出人类控制,但若人类能够成为一个共同体,就有办法战胜疾病。通过战争和疾病书写,韦尔奇告诫人们,要避免战争、战胜疾病,就必须构建一个所有人(种)都是其成员、能像一家人一样和谐生活于其中的人类共同体。

A community of mankind is a major thematic concern of James Welch's Fools Crow,in which,Welch shows through the wars between native Americans,and the wars between native Americans and white Americans that war is a major threat to human survival,and lack of the mind of a community that is inclusive of all mankind leads native Americans to make war on each other and white Americans to make war on native Americans,thereby threatening each other's survival.He also shows through the substantial impact that the white-scabs disease exerts on the life of the Blackfoot natives in Montana that disease is another major threat to human survival,and although diseases often occur beyond human control,human beings can survive them when they are of one community.By writing wars and diseases,Welch suggests that in order to avoid war and survive disease,human beings must be one community of which all(races)are members and in which all(races)can live together in peace and harmony like family.