玉米根际促生菌的筛选鉴定及促生效果评价

Screening and Identification of Maize Rhizosphere Growth-Promoting Bacteria and Evaluation of Their Growth-Promoting Effects

为筛选优良的玉米根际促生菌,以齐齐哈尔市梅里斯区玉米根际土壤为材料,共分离纯化并鉴定出82株根际促生菌。82株细菌分别属于农杆菌属(Agrobacterium)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、肠杆菌属(Enterobacter)、克雷伯氏菌属(Klebsiella)、河生雷勒特氏菌(Lelliottia)、巨大普里斯特氏菌属(Priestia)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)、葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus),其中有48株解磷菌、12株解钾菌、13株自生固氮菌和9株联合固氮菌。通过促生能力测定,筛选出26株能力较强的菌株,验证其对玉米幼苗的促生效果。结果表明,大部分菌株对玉米幼苗均有一定的促生效果,菌株P24处理过的玉米幼苗株高可达到对照的1.18倍;菌株P46处理过的玉米幼苗鲜重可达到对照的1.45倍;P48处理的根长达到对照的4.45倍;ZN4处理的根尖数可达到对照的3.84倍;P48处理的分叉数可达到对照的4.38倍。综合分析玉米幼苗生长的这5种指标后发现,P23、P33、P46、ZN11、P24和P43这6株菌的综合促生能力最强,显著增加玉米幼苗的所有指标,具有较强的开发潜力。

To screen excellent maize rhizosphere promoting bacteria,82 rhizosphere promoting bacteria were isolated,purified and identified from the maize rhizosphere soil of the MERIS region of Qiqihar city.The 82 bacterial were identified as Agrobacterium,Bacillus,Enterobacter,Klebsiella,Lelliottia,Priestia,Pseudomonas,Sphingomonas and Staphylococcus,included 48 phosphate-solubilizing bacteria,12 potassium bacteria,13 free-living nitrogen-fixer and 9 associative nitrogen-fixer.By measuring the growth-promoting ability,26 strains with stronger ability were screened to verify their growth-promoting effect on maize seedlings.The results showed that most strains had a growth promoting effect on maize seedlings.The plant height of maize seedlings treated with strain P24 could reach 1.18 times of the control;the fresh weight of maize seedlings treated with strain P46 could reach 1.45 times of the control;the root length treated with strain P48 could reach 4.45 times of the control;the number of apices treated with ZN4 could reach 3.84 times of the control;the number of branches of the root treated with P48 could reach 4.38 times of the control.After comprehensive analysis of these five indexes in maize seedlings,it was found that P23,P33,P46,ZN11,P24,and P43 had the highest comprehensive growth promoting ability,significantly increasing all indicators of maize seedlings and had a strong development potential.