聚焦可持续发展:能源转型背景下联合国的能源治理实践

United Nations' energy governance practices in the context of the energy transition

全球能源治理范式经历了从“安全治理”到“安全-发展治理”的转变,联合国在其中起着引领作用。在全球能源转型背景下,联合国能源治理承载了国际社会对气候和环境议题的关注,将可持续发展置为核心理念,以推进经济发展和践行环境友好为目标。从具体实施路径上看,以《2030年可持续发展议程》和《巴黎协定》为指导框架,以联合国能源机制为协商平台,以“能源承诺促进行动计划”“能源高级别对话”等为具体行动方案。联合国极大程度影响了全球能源发展治理的理念塑造、协商合作以及知识分享,促进了全球可持续发展进程,但能源资源的利益复杂性以及治理碎片性也为其能源治理带来了一定的挑战。在新的发展阶段,联合国应采取务实行动,强化其在全球能源治理中的作用。一是推动构建能源治理实体机构;二是在理念上强化能源治理的可持续性,提高在全球能源治理中的话语权;三是推动建设更具包容性、综合性的能源治理规范体系。

The global energy governance paradigm has undergone a shift from “security governance” to “securitydevelopment governance”, with the United Nations' leading role in this process. In the context of the global energy transition, the UN's energy governance bears the international community's concern for climate and environmental issues, places sustainable development at the core concept, and take promoting economic development and environmental friendliness as the goal. the UN's energy governance takes the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Paris Climate Agreement as its guiding framework, the UN energy system as its consultative platform, and the UN-Energy Plan of Action and the High-level Dialogue on Energy as its concrete action programs. The UN has greatly influenced the conceptualization of global energy development governance, consultation and cooperation, and knowledge-sharing and promoted the process of global sustainable development.However, the complexity of energy resource interests and the fragmentation of governance also pose challenges to energy governance within the UN. In the new phase of development, the United Nations should take such pragmatic actions to strengthen its role in global energy governance as promoting the construction of an energy governance entity, conceptually strengthening the sustainability of energy governance and enhancing its voice in global energy governance, and facilitating the construction of a more inclusive and comprehensive regulatory system for energy governance.