“死电影还魂”:抗战后期袖珍放映机的媒介考古(1944—1945)

“Resurrecting Dead Film”:A Media Archaeology Study of Pocket Projectors in the Late Anti-Japanese War Period(1944-1945)

抗战时期,电化教育被视作中国宣传抗战建国和启发民智的重要手段。1942年5月,滇缅公路被截断,电化教育转入顿挫状态,袖珍片放映逐渐取代电影放映,成为电化教育中最为重要的媒介分发系统,并重塑了电化教育的实践网络。研究发现袖珍放映机在大后方的应用和普及,一方面是与电力、交通、邮政等基础设施相互交织和共同演进;另一方面,人和社会组织是其技术系统的重要组成部分,通过袖珍放映机转译其行动方案,对战争宣传和教育普及具有举足轻重的作用。

During the War of Resistance Against Japan,e-Education was considered one of the crucial means for China to promote the establishment of country and enlightenment of people.In May 1942,the disruption of the Burma Road led to the stagnation in e-Education.Pocket-screening gradually replaced traditional cinema projection,becoming the most important media-distribution system in e-Education,thus reshaping the practical network of e-Education.This study finds that the widespread use and popularization of pocket projectors in the rear area were intertwined and evolved with basic infrastructure such as electricity,transportation,and postal services.Furthermore,individuals and social organizations constituted integral components of its technical system.The translation of their action plans through pocket projectors thereby playing a pivotal role in the wartime propaganda and education popularization.