近代中外文化往还间“解放”概念的确立

The Establishment of the Concept of"Jiefang"(Liberation)between Modern Chinese and Foreign Cultural Exchanges

古汉语中“解放”是表达“解开,放下”的动词词汇,而现代“解放”承袭古义之外又新添“追求自由”的含义。追根溯源,现代意涵“解放”概念的源头是英文emancipation和liberation,但19世纪诸部英华字典均采用“释放”与二者对译,而非“解放”。直到1888年,两部英日辞典首先以“解放”(かいほう)对译英文emancipation,使得“解放”一词开始具备“解开束缚,得到自由”的现代意涵。随着中日交流愈发密切,中国受日制汉语“解放”的影响,在报刊中出现“奴隶解放”、“妇人解放”等搭配,标志着现代意涵的、具有政治性的“解放”概念在华确立。“解放”概念在华传播和确立过程恰好折射出19世纪末到20世纪初中外思想文化交流的时代图景。

In ancient Chinese,"jiefang"served as a verb representing"to untie,to release",whereas in its modern usage,it has acquired the new meaning of"to pursue freedom".The modern concept of"jiefang"derives from the English terms"emancipation"and"liberation".However,several English-Chinese dictionaries of the 19th century translated these terms as"shifang"(to release)rather than"jiefang"(to pursue freedom).Until 1888,two English-Japanese dictionaries first translated"emancipation"into Japanese as"kaihou",imbuing the term with its contemporary connotations of"breaking free from bondage and achieving freedom".With the growing Sino-Japanese cultural interactions,the influence of the Japanese term"kaihou"became evident in Chinese publications through phrases like"nuli jiefang"(the emancipation of slaves)and"furen jiefang"(women's liberation),marking the establishment of the modern and politically charged concept of"jiefang"in Chinese.The evolution of"jiefang"precisely reflects the ideological and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries from the late 19th to the early 20th century.