塑造敌人:1961年美国关于越南政策的大辩论

Creating the Enemy:The Great U.S.Debate on Vietnam Policy in 1961

1961年底,美国在越南问题上面临重要政策选择。《泰勒-罗斯托报告》在美国高层引发了一场关于越南政策的大辩论,几乎所有重要决策者都参与其中。辩论的核心问题是:美国要在越南下多大的“赌注”,来遏制共产主义在印度支那的“扩张”。这场大辩论表明,由于冷战的激烈对抗和一系列危机的发生,美国从理论和实践上都强化了越南的重要性。大辩论使越南逐渐走到了冷战舞台中央,本与美国无攸关利益的越南被塑造为冷战对手。辩论的结果使美国开始对南越承担无限度的义务,越南逐渐占据美国外交事务的核心地位。美国以越南政策重塑了冷战外交。

At the end of 1961,the United States faced an important policy choice on the Vietnam issue.The Taylor-Rostow Report triggered a major debate on Vietnam policy at the top of the federal government,involving almost all major policymakers.The core issue of the debate was how much the U.S.should bet in Vietnam to contain the spread of communism in Indochina.The debate showed that due to the fierce confrontation and a series of crises in the Cold War,the U.S.had strengthened the importance of Vietnam,both theoretically and practically.The great debate brought Vietnam to the center of the Cold War stage,and Vietnam,which had no stake in the U.S.,was portrayed as a Cold War adversary.As a result of the debate,the U.S.began to assume unlimited obligations to South Vietnam,and Vietnam gradually occupied the center of American foreign affairs.The U.S.reshaped Cold War diplomacy with its Vietnam policy.