1923年《洛桑条约》与土耳其境内希腊裔问题的形成

The Treaty of Lausanne of 1923 and the Formation of the Greek-Turks Issue in Turkey

《洛桑条约》划定了土耳其和希腊两国边界,使双方在相互制衡中实现了东地中海地区的和平与稳定,但也成为了土希紧张局势的源头。一方面,自1923年《人口交换协议》在内的《洛桑条约》签订以来,两国没有发生武装冲突。另一方面,土希人口交换和权利保障条款引发的土耳其境内普世牧首问题、希腊裔财产问题和其身份问题等导致了双边紧张关系。免于人口交换的希腊人便成了土耳其境内希腊裔问题的根源,即“希腊裔土耳其人”成为土希两国维护自身利益的前方堡垒和工具。尽管1930年《安卡拉公约》的签署使两国关系得以缓和,但事实上土耳其仍对境内希腊裔保持谨慎态度。土耳其政府的排他性政策并没有兑现政府保障公民平等权的承诺。

The Treaty of Lausanne delineated the border between Turkey and Greece,enabling the two sides to achieve peace and stability in the Eastern Mediterranean region through mutual checks and balances,but it also became a source of tension between Turkey and Greece.On the one hand,there has been no armed conflict between the two countries since the signing of the Treaty of Lausanne,which included the 1923Convention Concerning the Exchange of Greek and Turkish Populations.On the other hand,the issue of the Ecumenical Patriarch in Turkey caused by the terms of population exchange and rights protection between Turkey and Greece,and the property and identity issues of Greek-Turks have led to bilateral tensions.The Greeks who were exempted from population exchange became the root of the Turkish Greek problem,that is,the Turkish Greeks became the front bastion and tool for Turkey and Greece to safeguard their own interests.Although the signing of the Ankara Convention in 1930 eased the relationship between the two countries,in fact Turkey still maintains a cautious attitude towards Greeks in its territory.The exclusionary policy of the Turkish government has not fulfilled the government's commitment to guarantee equal rights for citizens.