铁路发展与南非约翰内斯堡市种族隔离

The Railway Development and Urban Apartheid in Johannesburg

南非约翰内斯堡铁路发展历史悠久,且与城市种族隔离制长期交织在一起。在20世纪很长一段时期里,约翰内斯堡的铁路发展对城市空间、经济、人口的演变产生重要的影响,特别是在塑造城市“二元结构”方面具有典型性。这种典型性不仅表现在城市结构的“二元性”上,更重要的是对约翰内斯堡种族分化、政治分野起了长时段的影响。1994年新南非建立以后,为了清理铁路造成的种族分野,政府通过各种措施,拆除殖民时期的旧铁路,建设有利于促进种族融合的新铁路。新铁路通到了黑人传统聚居区。政府力图从根本上擦掉城市历史“伤疤”,但实际收效甚微,还产生了一系列新问题。

The Johannesburg railway has a long history and has long been intertwined with urban apartheid.For a long time in the 20th century,the railway development of Johannesburg had an important impact on the evolution of urban space,economy and population,especially in shaping the"dual structure"of the city.This was not only reflected in the"duality"of the urban structure,but more importantly,it had a long impact on the racial differentiation and political division in Johannesburg.After the establishment of the new South Africa in 1994,in order to clean up the racial division caused by the railway,the government adopted various measures to dismantle the old railway during the colonial period and built a new railway conducive to promoting racial integration.The line of the new railroad led to the traditional black settlement area.The government tried to fundamentally erase the"scars"of the city's history,but it had little effect and created a series of new problems.